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TRANSLATIONS AND ADAPTATIONS

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 830 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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TRANSLATIONS AND ADAPTATIONS .—A comprehensive view of the See also:influence of See also:Plautus on See also:modern literatures is given by Reinhardstoettner, Spatere Bearbeitungen plautinischer Lustspiele (1886). Many adaptations for the See also:Italian See also:stage were produced between the years 1486 and 1550, the earliest (the Menaechmi) under the direction of Ercole I., See also:duke of See also:Ferrara. From See also:Italy the practice spread to See also:France, See also:Spain, See also:England and other countries. Of See also:English plays, the interlude called See also:Jack See also:Juggler (between 1547 and 1553) was based on the Amphitruo, and the lost See also:play called the Historie of See also:Error (acted in 1577) was probably based on the Menae-chmi; See also:Nicholas Udall's See also:Ralph Royster Doyster, the first English See also:comedy (acted before 1551, first printed 1566), is founded on the See also:Miles gloriosus; See also:Shakespeare's Comedy of Errors (about 1591) is an See also:adaptation of the Menaechmi; and his Falstaff may be regarded as an idealized See also:reproduction or development of the braggart soldier of Plautus and See also:Terence--a type of See also:character which reappears in other forms not only in English literature (e.g. in Shakespeare's Parolles and See also:Ben See also:Jonson's See also:Captain Bobadil) but also in most of the literatures of modern See also:Europe. Shakespeare's Taming of the See also:Shrew has been influenced in several respects (including the names Tranio and Grumio) by the Mostellaria. Ben Jonson produced a skilful amalgamation of the Aulularia and the Captivi in his See also:early play The See also:Case is Altered (written before 1599). See also:Thomas See also:Heywood adapted the Amphitruo in his See also:Silver See also:Age (1613), the Rudens in his Captives (licensed 1624), and the Mostellaria in his English Traveller (1633). See also:Dryden's See also:Amphitryon or the two Sosias (1690) is based partly on the Amphitruo, partly on See also:Moliere's adaptation thereof ; See also:Fielding's See also:Miser (acted 1732) on Moliere's L'Avare rather than on the Aulularia, and his Intriguing Chambermaid (acted 1733) on See also:Regnard's Le Retour imprevu rather than on the Mostellaria. There was no English See also:translation, strictly so called, of any play of Plautus in the 16th or 17th See also:century, except that of the Menaechmi by W. W. (probably See also:William See also:Warner), first printed in 1595, which Shakespeare mapossibly have used (in MS.) for his Comedy of Errors. A translation of the whole of Plautus in " See also:familiar See also:blank See also:verse " by Bonnell See also:Thorn-ton and others appeared in 1767 (2nd ed., 1769-1774).

Five plays have been translated in the metres of the See also:

original by Sugden (1893). (E. A.

End of Article: TRANSLATIONS AND ADAPTATIONS

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