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See also:ANGSTROM, ANDERS See also:JONAS (1814-1874) , See also:Swedish physicist, was See also:born on the t3th of See also:August 1814 at Logdo, Medelpad, See also:Sweden. He was educated at See also:Upsala University, where in 1839 he became See also:privet docent in physics. In 1842 he went to See also:Stockholm See also:Observatory in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to gain experience in See also:practical astronomical See also:work, and in the following See also:year he became observer at Upsala Observatory. Becoming interested in terrestrial See also:magnetism he made many observa tions of magnetic intensityand See also:declination in various parts of Sweden, and was charged by the Stockholm See also:Academy of Sciences with the task, not completed till shortly before his See also:death, of working out the magnetic data obtained by the Swedish See also:frigate " See also:Eugenie " on her voyage See also:round the See also:world in 1851—1853. In 1858 he succeeded Adolph See also:Ferdinand Svanberg (18o6—1857) in the See also:chair of physics at Upsala, and there he died on the 21st of See also:June 18i4. His most important work was concerned with the See also:conduction of See also:heat and with See also:spectroscopy. In his See also:optical researches, Optiska Undersokningar, presented to the Stockholm Academy in 1853, he not only pointed out that the electric spark yields two superposed spectra, one from the See also:- METAL
- METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)
metal of the electrode and the other from the See also:gas in which it passes, but deduced from See also:Euler's theory of resonance that an incandescent gas emits luminous rays of the same refrangibility as those which it can absorb. This statement, as See also:Sir E. See also:Sabine remarked when awarding him the See also:Rumford See also:medal of the Royal Society in 1872, contains a fundamental principle of spectrum See also:analysis, and though for a number of years it was overlooked it entitles him to See also:rank as one of the founders of spectroscopy. From 1861 onwards he paid See also:special See also:attention to the See also:solar spectrum. He announced the existence of See also:hydrogen, among other elements, in the See also:sun's See also:atmosphere in 1862, and in 1868 published his See also:great See also:map of the normal solar spectrum which See also:long remained authoritative in questions of See also:wave-length, although his measurements were inexact to the extent of one See also:part in 7000 or 8000 owing to the See also:metre which he used as his See also:standard having been slightly too See also:short. He was the first, in 1867, to examine the spectrum of the See also:aurora borealis, and detected and measured the characteristic See also:bright See also:line in its yellow See also:green region; but he was mistaken in supposing that this same line, which is often called by his name, is also to be seen in the zodiacal See also:light. y
His son, KNuT JOHAN ANGSTROM, was born at Upsala on the 12th of See also:January 1857, and studied at the university of that See also:town from 1877 to 1884. After spending a short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time in See also:Strassburg he was appointed lecturer in physics at Stockholm University in 1885, but in 1891 returned to Upsala, where in 1896 he became See also:professor of physics. He especially devoted himself to investigations of the See also:radiation of heat from the sun and its absorption by the See also:earth's atmosphere, and to that end devised various delicate methods and See also:instruments, including his electric See also:compensation pyrheliometer, invented in 1893, and apparatus for obtaining a photographic See also:representation of the infra-red spectrum (1895).
End of Article: ANGSTROM, ANDERS JONAS (1814-1874)
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