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BANDIERA, ATTILIO (1811—1844)
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See also:BANDIERA, ATTILIO (1811—1844) and EMILIO (1819—1844), See also:Italian patriots. The See also:brothers Bandiera, sons of See also:Baron Bandiera, an See also:admiral in the See also:Austrian See also:navy, were themselves members of that service, but at an See also:early See also:age they were won over to the ideas of Italian freedom and unity, and corresponded with Giuseppe Mazzini and other members of the Giovane Italia (See also:Young See also:Italy), a patriotic and revolutionary See also:secret society. During the See also:year 1843 the See also:air was full of conspiracies, and various See also:ill-starred attempts .at rising: against the Italian despots were made. The Bandieras began to make propaganda among the See also:officers and men of the Austrian navy, nearly all Italians, and actually planned toseize a warship and See also:bombard See also:Messina. But having been betrayed they fled to See also:Corfu early in 1844. Rumours reached them there of agitation in the Neapolitan See also:kingdom, where the See also:people were represented as ready to rise en masse at the first See also:appearance of a See also:leader; the Bandieras, encouraged by Mazzini, consequently determined to make a See also:raid on the Calabrian See also:coast. They got together a See also:band of about twenty men ready to See also:sacrifice their lives for an See also:idea, and set See also:sail on their desperate venture on the 12th of See also:June 1844. Four days later they landed near See also:Cotrone, intending to go to See also:Cosenza, liberate the See also:political prisoners and issue their proclamations. But they did not find the insurgent band which they had been told awaited them, and were betrayed by one of their party, the Corsican Boccheciampe, and by some peasants who believed them to be See also:Turkish pirates. A detachment of gendarmes and See also:volunteers was sent against them, and after a See also:short fight the whole band were taken prisoners and escorted to Cosenza, where a number of Calabrians who had taken See also:part in a previous rising were also under See also:arrest. First the Calabrians were tried by See also:court-See also:martial, and a large number condemned to See also:death or the galleys. The raiders' turn came next, and the whole party, See also:save the traitor Boccheciampe, were. condemned to be shot, but in the See also:case of eight of them the See also:sentence was commuted to the galleys. On the 23rd of See also:July the two Bandieras and their nine companions were executed; they cried Viva l'Italia! as they See also:fell.
The Neapolitan See also:government was undoubtedly within its right in executing the Bandieras, and the material results of this heroic but unpractical See also:attempt were nil. But the moral effect waS enormous throughout Italy, the See also:action of the authorities was universally condemned, and the martyrdom of the Bandieras See also:bore See also:fruit in subsequent revolutions. It also created a See also:great impression in See also:England, where it was believed that the Bandieras' See also:correspondence with 1VIazzini (q.v.) had been tampered with, and that See also:information as to the proposed expedition had been forwarded to the Austrian and Neapolitan governments by the See also:British See also:foreign See also:office; See also:recent publications, however, especially the See also:biography of See also:Sir See also: Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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