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CALEDONIAN See also:CANAL . The See also:chain of fresh-See also:water lakes—Lochs Ness, Oich and Lochy—which stretch along the See also:line of the See also:Great Glen of See also:Scotland in a S.W. direction from See also:Inverness See also:early suggested the See also:idea of connecting the See also:east and See also:west coasts of Scotland by a canal which would See also:save See also:ships about 400 M. of See also:coasting voyage See also:round the See also:north of Great See also:Britain through the stormy Pentland See also:Firth. In 1773 See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Watt was employed by the See also:government to make a survey for such a canal, which again was the subject of an See also:official See also:report by See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Telford in 18oI. In 1803 an See also:act of See also:parliament was passed authorizing the construction of the canal, which was begun forthwith under Telford's direction, and See also:traffic was started in 1822. From the See also:northern entrance on See also:Beauly Firth to the See also:southern, near Fort See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William, the See also:total length is about 6o m., that of the artificial portion being about 22 M. The number of locks is 28, and their See also:standard dimensions are: length See also:loo ft., breadth 38 ft., water-See also:depth 15 ft. Their lift is in See also:general about 8 ft., but some of them are for regulating purposes only. A See also:flight of 8 at Corpach, with a total lift of 64 ft., is known as " See also:Neptune's See also:Staircase." The See also:navigation is vested in and managed by the commissioners of the Caledonian Canal, of whom the See also:speaker of the See also:House of See also:Commons is ex officio chairman. Usually the income is between £7000 and £8000 annually, and exceeds the See also:expenditure by a few See also:hundred pounds; but the commissioners are not entitled to make a profit, and .the See also:credit balances, though sometimes allowed to accumulate, must be expended on renewals and improvements of the canal. They have not, however, always proved sufficient for their purposes, and parliament is occasionally called upon to make See also:special grants. In the commissioners is also vested the Crinan Canal, which extends from Ardrishaig on See also:Loch Gilp to Crinan on Loch Crinan. This canal was made by a See also:company incorporated by act of parliament in 1793, and was opened for traffic in 18or. At various times it received grants of public See also:money, and ultimately in respect of these it passed into the hands of the government. In 1848 it was vested by parliament in the commissioners of the Caledonian Canal (who had in fact ad-ministered it for many years previously); the act contained a proviso that the company might take back the undertaking on repayment of the See also:debt within 20 years, but the See also:power was not exercised. The length of the canal is 9 m., and it saves vessels sailing from the See also:Clyde a distance of about 85 m. as compared with the alternative route round the See also:Mull of Kintyre. Its highest reach is 64 ft. above See also:sea level, and its locks, 15 in number, are 96 ft. See also:long, by 24 ft. wide, the depth of water being such as to admit vessels up to a See also:draught of 91 ft. The See also:revenue is over £6000 a See also:year, and there is usually a small credit See also:balance which, as with the Caledonian Canal, must be applied to the purposes of the undertaking.
End of Article: CALEDONIAN CANAL
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