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CLICHY , or CLIC11Y-LA-GARENNE, a See also:town of See also:northern See also:France, in the See also:department of See also:Seine, on the right See also:bank of the Seine, immediately See also:north of the fortifications of See also:Paris, of which it is a manufacturing suburb. Pop. (1906) 41,516. Its See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church was built in the 17th See also:century under the direction of St See also:Vincent de See also:Paul, who had previously been cure of Clichy. Its See also:industries include the manufacture of See also:starch, See also:rubber, oil and grease, See also:glass, chemicals, See also:soap, &c. Clichy, under the name of Clippiacum, was a See also:residence of the Merovingian See also:kings.
CLIFF-DWELLINGS, the See also:general archaeological See also:term for the habitations of See also:primitive peoples, formed by utilizing niches or caves in high cliffs, with more or less excavation or with additions in the way of See also:masonry. Two See also:special sorts of cliff-dwelling are distinguished by archaeologists, (r) the cliff-See also:house, which is actually built on levels in the cliff, and (2) the 'cavate house, which is dug out, by using natural recesses or openings. A See also:great See also:deal of See also:attention has been given to the North See also:American cliff-dwellings, particularly among the canyons of the See also:south-See also:west, in See also:Arizona, New See also:Mexico, See also:Utah and See also:Colorado, some of which are still used by See also:Indians. There has been considerable discussion as to their antiquity, but See also:modern See also:research finds no definite See also:justification for assigning them to a distinct primitive See also:race, or farther back than the ancestors of the modern See also:Pueblo Indians. The See also:area in which they occur coincides with that in which other traces of the Pueblo tribes have been found. The niches which were utilized are often of considerable See also:size, occurring in cliffs of a thousand feet high, and approached by See also:rock steps or See also:log-ladders.
See the See also:article, with illustrations and bibliography, in the See also:Hand-See also:book of American Indians (See also:Washington, 1907).
End of Article: CLICHY
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