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GENDARMERIE , originally a See also:body of troops in See also:France composed of gendarmes or men-at-arms. In the days of See also:chivalry they were mounted and armed cap-a-See also:pie, exactly as were the lords and knights,with whom they constituted the most important See also:part of an See also:army. They were attended each by five soldiers of inferior See also:rank and more lightly armed. In the later See also:middle ages the men-at-arms were furnished by owners of fiefs. But after the See also:Hundred Years' See also:War this feudal gendarmerie was replaced by the compagnies d'ordonnance which See also:Charles VII. formed when the See also:English were driven out of France, and which were distributed throughout the whole extent of the See also:kingdom for preserving See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order and maintaining the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king's authority. These companies, fifteen in number, were composed of too lances or gendarmes fullyequipped, each of whom was attended by at least three archers, one coutillier (soldier armed with a See also:cutlass) and one varlet (soldier's servant). The states-See also:general of See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans (1439) had voted a yearly See also:subsidy of 1,200,000 livres in See also:perpetuity to keep up this See also:national soldiery, which replaced, and in fact was recruited chiefly amongst, the bands of mercenaries who for about a See also:century had made France their See also:prey. The number and See also:composition of the compagnies d'ordonnance were changed more than once before the reign of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV. This See also:sovereign on his See also:accession to the See also:throne found only eight companies of gendarmes surviving out of an See also:original See also:total of more than one hundred, but after the victory of See also:Fleurus (169o), which had been decided by their courage, he increased their number to sixteen. The four first companies (which were practically guard troops) were designated by the names of Gendarmes ecossais, Gendarmes anglais, Gendarmes bourguignons and Gendarmes famands, from the See also:nationality of the soldiers who had originally composed them; but at that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time they consisted entirely of See also:French soldiers and See also:officers. These four companies had a See also:captain-general, who was the king. The fifth See also:company was that of the See also:queen; and the others See also:bore the name of the princes who respectively commanded them. This organization was dissolved in 1788. The Revolution swept away all these institutions of the See also:monarchy, and, with the exception of a See also:short revival of the Gendarmes de la garde at the Restoration, henceforward the word " gendarmerie " possesses an. altogether different significance—viz, military See also:police.
End of Article: GENDARMERIE
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