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GRATIANUS, FRANCISCUS

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 379 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GRATIANUS, FRANCISCUS , compiler of the See also:Concordia discordantium canonum or Decretum Gratiani, and founder of the See also:science of See also:canon See also:law, was See also:born about the end of the I1th See also:century at See also:Chiusi in See also:Tuscany or, according to another See also:account, at Carraria near See also:Orvieto. In See also:early See also:life he appears to have been received into the Camaldulian monastery of Classe near See also:Ravenna, whence he afterwards removed to that of See also:San Felice in See also:Bologna, where he spent many years in the preparation of the Concordia. The precise date of this See also:work cannot be ascertained, but it contains references to the decisions of the Lateran See also:council of 1139, and there is See also:fair authority for believing that it was completed while See also:Pope See also:Alexander III. was still simply See also:professor of See also:theology at Bologna, in other words, See also:prior to 1150. The labours of See also:Gratian are said to have been rewarded with the bishopric of Chiusi, but if so he appears never to have been consecrated; at least his name is not in any See also:authentic See also:list of those who have occupied that see. The See also:year of his See also:death is unknown. For some account of the Decretum Gratiani and its See also:history see CANON LAW. The best edition is that of See also:Friedberg (Corpus See also:juris canonici, See also:Leipzig, 1879). Compare See also:Schultze, Zur Geschichte der Litteratur fiber das Decret Gratians (187o), See also:Die Glosse zum Decret Gratians (1872), and Geschichte der Quellen and Litteratur See also:des kanonischen Rechts (3 vols., See also:Stuttgart, 1875).

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