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KOLOZSVAR (Ger. Klausenburg; Rum. Cluj)

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 891 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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KOLOZSVAR (Ger. Klausenburg; Rum. Cluj)

KOLOZSVAR (Ger. Klausenburg; See also:
RUM
RUM (according to Skeat, a corruption of Malay brum or bram; the adjective " rum," i.e. " queer," being a distinct word, in Gipsy rem)
Rum. Cluj) , a See also:

TOWN

town of See also:

Hungary, in Transylvania, the See also:

capital of the See also:

COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of Kolozs, and formerly the capital of the whole of Transylvania, 248 m. E.S.E. of See also:

BUDAPEST

Budapest by See also:

RAIL

rail. Pop. (1900), 46,670. It is situated in a picturesque valley on the See also:

banks of the Little Szamos, and comprises the inner town (formerly surrounded with walls) and five suburbs. The greater See also:

PART

part of the town lies on the right See also:

BANK

bank of the See also:

RIVER

river, while on the other See also:

side is the so-called See also:

BRIDGE

Bridge Suburb and the citadel (erected in 1715). Upon the slopes of the citadel See also:

hill there is a gipsy See also:

QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter. With the exception of the old quarter, Kolozsvar is generally well laid out, and contains many broad and See also:

FINE

fine streets, several of which diverge at right angles from the See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal square. In this square is situated the See also:

GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

church of St See also:

Michael (1396–1432); in front is a See also:

BRONZE

bronze equestrian statue of See also:

King See also:

Matthias See also:

CORVINUS, JANOS [JOHN] (1473–1504)

Corvinus by the Hungarian sculptor Fadrusz (1902). Other noteworthy buildings are the Reformed church, built by Matthias Corvinus in 1486 and ceded to the Calvinists by See also:

BETHLEN, GABRIEL (GABOR) (1580-1629)

Bethlen Gabor in 1622; the See also:

house in which Matthias Corvinus was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born (1443), which contains an ethnographical museum; the county and town halls, a museum, and the university buildings.

A feature of Kolozsvar is the large number of handsome mansions belonging to the Transylvanian nobles, who reside here during the See also:

winter. It is the seat of a Unitarian See also:

bishop, and of the See also:

SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent of the Calvinists for the Transylvanian circle. Kolozsvar is the See also:

LITERARY

literary and scientific centre of Transylvania, and is the seat of numerous literary and scientific associations. It contains a university (founded in 1872), with four faculties—See also:

THEOLOGY

theology, See also:

PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy, See also:

law and See also:

MEDICINE

medicine—frequented by about 190o students in 1905; and amongst its other educational establishments are a See also:

SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

seminary for Unitarian priests, an agricultural See also:

COLLEGE (Collegium)

college, two training See also:

SCHOOLS

schools for teachers, a commercial See also:

academy, and several secondary schools for boys and girls. The See also:

INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry comprises establishments for the manufacture of woollen -and See also:

LINEN

linen See also:

CLOTH

cloth, See also:

paper, See also:

SUGAR

sugar, candles, See also:

SOAP

soap, earthenwares, as . well as breweries and distilleries. Kolozsvar is believed to occupy the site of a See also:

ROMAN

Roman See also:

settlement named Napoca. Colonized by See also:

SAXONS

Saxons in 1178, it then received its See also:

German name of Klausenburg, from the old word Klause, signifying a " See also:

mountain pass." Between the years 1545 and 1570 large See also:

numbers of the Saxon See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population See also:

LEFT

left the town in See also:

con-sequence of the introduction of Unitarian doctrines. In 1798 the town was to a See also:

GREAT

great extent destroyed by See also:

FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire. As capital of Transylvania and the seat of the Transylvanian diets, Kolozsvar from 183o to 1848 became the centre of the Hungarian See also:

NATIONAL

national See also:

MOVEMENT

movement in the See also:

GRAND

grand principality; and in See also:

DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1848 it was taken and garrisoned by the Hungarians under See also:

General See also:

BERN (Fr. Berne)

Bern.

End of Article: KOLOZSVAR (Ger. Klausenburg; Rum. Cluj)

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