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works were carried on by his widow, and Alfred, as the eldest son, found himself obliged, a boy of fourteen, to leave school and undertake their direction. For many years his efforts met with little success, and the concern, which in 1845 employed only 122 workmen, did scarcely more than pay its way. But in 1847 Krupp made a 3 pdr. muzzle-loading See also:

gun of cast steel, and at the See also:

GREAT

Great See also:

EXHIBITION

Exhibition of See also:

LONDON

London in 1851 he exhibited a solid flawless See also:

INGOT

ingot of cast steel weighing 2 tons. This exhibit caused a sensation in the See also:

INDUSTRIAL

industrial See also:

WORLD

world, and the Essen works sprang into fame. Another successful invention, the manufacture of weldless steel tires for railway vehicles, was introduced soon afterwards. The profits derived from these and other steel manufactures were devoted to the expansion of the works and to the development of the See also:

ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery with which the name of Krupp is especially associated (see See also:

ORDNANCE (a syncopated form of " ordinance " or " ordonnance," so spelt in this sense since the 17th century)

ORDNANCE). The See also:

MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model See also:

settlement, which is one of the best-known features of the Krupp works, was started in the 'sixties, when difficulty began to be found in See also:

HOUSING

housing the increasing number of workmen; and now there are various "colonies," practically See also:

SEPARATE

separate villages, dotted about to the See also:

south and south-See also:

west of the town, with See also:

SCHOOLS

schools, See also:

LIBRARIES

libraries, recreation grounds, clubs, stores, &c. The policy also was adopted of acquiring See also:

IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron and See also:

COAL

coal mines, so that the firm might have command of supplies of the raw material required for its operations. Alfred Krupp, who was known as the " See also:

CANNON (a word common to Romance languages, from the Lat. canna, a reed, tube, with the addition of the augmentative termination -on, -one)

Cannon See also:

King," died at Essen on the 14th of See also:

JULY

July 1887, and was succeeded by his only son, Friedrich Alfred Krupp (1854-1902), who was born at Essen on the 17th of See also:

FEBRUARY

February 1854. The latter devoted himself to the See also:

FINANCIAL

financial rather than to the technical See also:

side of the business, and under him it again underwent enormous expansion.

Among other things he in 1896 leased the " Germania " See also:

SHIP

ship-See also:

BUILDING

building yard at See also:

KIEL

Kiel, and in 1902 it passed into the See also:

COMPLETE

complete ownership of the firm. In the latter See also:

YEAR

year, which was also the year of his death, on the 22nd of See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November, the See also:

TOTAL

total number of men employed at Essen and its associated works was over 40,000. His See also:

elder daughter Bertha, who succeeded him, was married in See also:

OCTOBER

October 1906 to Dr Gustav von Bohlen and Halbach, who on that occasion received the right to See also:

bear the name Krupp von Bohlen and Halbach. The enormous increase in the German See also:

NAVY

navy involved further expansion in the operations of the Krupp firm as manufacturers of the See also:

ARMOUR, PHILIP DANFORTH (1832-1901)

armour plates and guns required for the new See also:

SHIPS

ships, and in 1908 its See also:

capital, then See also:

STANDING

standing at £9,000,000, was augmented by £2,500,000.

End of Article: KRUPP, ALFRED (1812—1887)

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