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KRUSENSTERN, ADAM IVAN (1770-1846)

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 934 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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KRUSENSTERN, See also:ADAM See also:IVAN (1770-1846) , See also:Russian navigator, hydrographer and See also:admiral, was See also:born at Haggud in See also:Esthonia on the 19th of See also:November 1770. In 1785 he entered the See also:corps of See also:naval cadets, after leaving which, in 1788, with the grade of See also:midshipman, he served in the See also:war against See also:Sweden. Having been appointed to serve in the See also:British See also:fleet for several years (1793—1799), he visited See also:America, See also:India and See also:China. After See also:publishing a See also:paper pointing out the advantages of See also:direct communication between See also:Russia and China by Cape See also:Horn and the Cape of See also:Good See also:Hope, he was appointed by the See also:emperor See also:Alexander I. to make a voyage to the See also:east See also:coast of See also:Asia to endeavour to carry out the project. Two See also:English See also:ships were bought, in which the expedition See also:left See also:Kronstadt in See also:August 1803 and proceeded by Cape Horn and the See also:Sandwich Islands to See also:Kamchatka, and thence to See also:Japan. Returning to See also:Europe by the Cape of Good Hope, after an extended See also:series of explorations, Krusenstern reached Kronstadt in August 18o6, his being the first Russian expedition to circumnavigate the See also:world. The emperor conferred several honours upon him, and he ultimately became admiral. As director of the Russian naval school Krusenstern did muchuseful See also:work. He was also a member of the scientific See also:committee of the marine See also:department, and his contrivance for See also:counter-acting the See also:influence of the See also:iron in vessels on the See also:compass was adopted in the See also:navy. He died at See also:Reval on the 24th of August 1846. Krusenstern's Voyage See also:Round the World in 1803—r8o6 was published at St See also:Petersburg in 1810-1814, in 3 vols., with See also:folio See also:atlas of 104 plates and maps (Eng. ed., 2 vols. 1813; See also:French ed., 2 vols., and atlas of 3o plates, 1820).

His narrative contains a good many important discoveries and rectifications, especially in the region of Japan, and the contributions made by the various savants were of much scientific importance. A valuable work is his Atlas de l'Ocean Pacifique, with its accompanying Recueil See also:

des memoires hydrographiques (St Petersburg, 1824-1827). See Memoir by his daughter, Madame See also:Charlotte Bernhardi, translated by See also:Sir See also:John See also:Ross (1856).

End of Article: KRUSENSTERN, ADAM IVAN (1770-1846)

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