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ESSEN

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Originally appearing in Volume V09, Page 779 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ESSEN , a manufacturing See also:

town of See also:Germany, in the Prussian See also:Rhine See also:province, 22 M. N.E. from See also:Dusseldorf, on the See also:main See also:line of railway to See also:Berlin, in an undulating and densely populated See also:district. Pop. (1849) 8813; (1875) 54,790; (1905) 229,270. It lies at the centre of a network of See also:railways giving it See also:access to all the See also:principal towns of the Westphalian See also:iron and See also:coal See also:fields. Its See also:general aspect is gloomy; it possesses few streets of any pretensions, though those in the old See also:part, which are mostly narrow, See also:present, with their See also:grey See also:slate See also:roofs and See also:green shutters, a picturesque See also:appearance. Of its religious edifices (twelve See also:Roman See also:Catholic, one Old Catholic, six See also:Protestant churches, and a See also:synagogue) the See also:minster, dating from the loth See also:century, with See also:fine pictures, See also:relics and See also:wall frescoes, is alone especially remark-able. This See also:building is very similar to the Pfalz-Kapelle (See also:capella in palatio) at See also:Aix-la-Chapelle. Among the town's principal See also:secular buildings are the new See also:Gothic town-See also:hall, the See also:post See also:office and the railway station. There are several high-grade (classical and See also:modern) See also:schools, technical, See also:mining and commercial schools, a See also:theatre, a permanent See also:art See also:exhibition, and hospitals. Essen also has a beautiful public See also:park in the immediate vicinity. The town originally owed its prosperity to the large iron and coal fields underlying the See also:basin in which it is situated.

See also:

Chief among its See also:industrial establishments are the famous iron and See also:steel See also:works of See also:Krupp (q.v.), and the whole of Essen may be said to depend for its livelihood upon this See also:firm, which annually expends vast sums in building and supporting churches, schools, clubs, hospitals and philanthropic institutions, and in other ways providing for the welfare of its employees. There are also manufactories of woollen goods and cigars, dyeworks and breweries. Essen was originally the seat of a See also:Benedictine nunnery, and was formed into a town about the See also:middle of the loth century by the See also:abbess Hedwig. The abbess of the nunnery, who held from 1275 the See also:rank 'of a princess of the See also:Empire, was assisted by a See also:chapter of ten princesses and countesses; she governed the town until 1803, when it was secularized and incorporated with See also:Prussia. In 1807 it came into the See also:possession of the See also:grand See also:dukes of See also:Berg, but was transferred to Prussia in 1814. See Funcke, Geschichte See also:des Furstenthums and der Stadt Essen (E' berfeld, 1851) ; Kellen, See also:Die Industriestadt Essen in Wort and Bild (Essen, 1902); and A. See also:Shadwell, Industrial Efficiency (See also:London, 1906).

End of Article: ESSEN

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