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See also:KUTUSOV [GoLENISHCHEV-KUTUSOV], MIKHAIL LARIONOVICH, See also:PRINCE OF See also:SMOLENSK (1745-1813) , See also:Russian See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field See also:marshal, was See also:born on the 16th of See also:September 1745 at St See also:Petersburg, and entered the Russian See also:army in 1759 or 1760. He saw active service in See also:Poland, 1764–69, and against the See also:Turks, 1770–74; lost an See also:eye in See also:action in the latter See also:year; and after that travelled for some years in central and western See also:Europe. In 1784 he became See also:major-See also:general, in 1787 See also:governor-general of the See also:Crimea; and under Suvorov, whose See also:constant See also:companion he became, he won consider-able distinction in the See also:Turkish See also:War of 1788–91, at the taking of See also:Ochakov, See also:Odessa, See also:Benda and See also:Ismail, and the battles of Rimnik and Mashin. He was now (1791) a See also:lieutenant-general, and successively occupied the positions of See also:ambassador at See also:Constantinople, governor-general of See also:Finland, commandant of the See also:corps of cadets at St Petersburg, ambassador at See also:Berlin, and governor-general of St Petersburg. In 18o5 he commanded the Russian corps which opposed See also:Napoleon's advance on See also:Vienna (see See also:NAPOLEONIC See also:CAMPAIGNS), and won the hard-fought action of Diirrenstein on the 18th–19th of See also:November.
On the See also:eve of See also:Austerlitz (q.v.) he tried to prevent the Allied generals from fighting a See also:battle, and when he was overruled took so little See also:interest in the event that he See also:fell asleep during the See also:reading of the orders. He was, however, See also:present at the battle itself, and was wounded. From 18o6 to 1811 Kutusov was governor-general of Lithuania and See also:Kiev, and in 1811, being then commanderin-See also:chief in the war against the Turks, he was made a prince. Shortly after this he was called by the unanimous See also:voice of the army and the See also:people to command the army that was retreating before Napoleon's advance. He gave battle at See also:Borodino (q.v.),and was defeated, but not decisively, and after retreating to the See also:south-See also:west of See also:Moscow, he forced Napoleon to begin the celebrated See also:retreat. The old general's cautious pursuit evoked much See also:criticism, but at any See also:rate he allowed only a remnant of the See also:Grand Army to regain Prussian See also:soil. He was now field marshal and prince of Smolensk—this See also:title having been given him for a victory over See also:part of the See also:French army at that See also:place in November 1812. See also:Early in the following year he carried the war into See also:Germany, took command of the allied Russians and Prussians, and prepared to raise all central Europe in arms against Napoleon's domination, but before the opening of the See also:campaign he fell See also:ill and died on the 25th of See also:March 1813 at See also:Bunzlau. Memorials have been erected to him at that place and at St Petersburg.
Mikhailovsky-Danilevski's See also:life of Kutusov (St Petersburg, 185o) was translated into French by A. Fizelier (See also:Paris, 1850).
End of Article: KUTUSOV [GoLENISHCHEV-KUTUSOV], MIKHAIL LARIONOVICH, PRINCE OF SMOLENSK (1745-1813)
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