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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 243 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LIST OF See also:WAGNER'S See also:WORKS The following are Wagner's operas and See also:music-dramas, apart from the unpublished See also:Die Hochzeit (three See also:numbers only), Die Feen, and Das Liebesverbot (Das Liebesverbot was disinterred in 1910). 1. See also:Rienzi, der letzte der Tribunen: See also:grosse tragische Oper; 5 acts (1838-1840). 2. Der fliegende Hollander: romantische Oper; I See also:act, afterwards cut into 3 (1641). 3. Tannhduser and der Sangerkrieg auf See also:Wartburg: romantische Oper; 3 acts (libretto, 1843; music, 1844-1845; new Venusberg music, 186o-1861). 4. See also:Lohengrin: romantische Oper; 3 acts (libretto, 1845; music, 1846-1848). This is the last See also:work Wagner calls by the See also:title of See also:Opera. 5. Das Rheingold, See also:prologue in 4 scenes to Der See also:Ring See also:des Nibelungen; ein Biihnenfestspiel (poem written last of the See also:series, which was begun in 1848 and finished in 1851-1852; music, 1853-1854)• 6.

Die Walkiire: der Ring des Nibelungen, erster Tag; 3 acts (See also:

score finished, 1856). 7. See also:Tristan and Isolde; 3 acts (poem written in 1857; music, 18J7-1859). 8. Siegfried: der Ring des Nibelungen, zweiter Tag; 3 acts, the first two nearly finished before Tristan, the See also:rest between 1865 and 1869. 9. Die ,See also:Meistersinger von Nurnberg; 3 acts (See also:sketch of See also:play, 1845; poem, 1861-1862; music, 1862-1867). 10. Gotterdammerung: der Ring des Nibelungen, driller Tag; introduction and 3 acts (Siegfried '.r See also:Tod already sketched dramatically in 1848; music, 187o-1874). 11. See also:Parsifal: ein Buhnenweihfestspiel (a See also:solemn See also:stage festival play), 3 acts (poem, 1876-1877; music, 1877-1882, Charfreitagszaaber already sketched in 1857). As regards other compositions, the See also:early unpublished works include a See also:symphony, a See also:cantata, some incidental music to a See also:pantomime, and several overtures, four of which have recently been discovered and produced.

The important small published works are Eine See also:

Faust See also:Overture (18J9-184o; rewritten, 1855); the Siegfried Idylle (an exquisite See also:serenade for small See also:orchestra on themes from the See also:finale of Siegfried, written as a surprise for Frau Wagner in 1870); the Kaiscrmarsch (1871), the Hufdigungsmarsch (1864) for military See also:band (the scoring of the See also:concert-version finished by See also:Raff); Fiinf Gediclrte (1862). a set of songs containing two studies for Tristan; and the early quasi-See also:oratorio See also:scene for male-See also:voice See also:chorus and full orchestra, Das Liebesmahl der Apastel (1843). Wagner's retouching of See also:Gluck's Iphigenie en Aulide and his edition of See also:Palestrina's Stabat Muter demand mention as important services to music, by no means to he classified (as in some catalogues) with the hack-work with which he kept off See also:starvation in See also:Paris. The collected See also:literary works of Wagner in See also:German fill ten volumes, and include See also:political speeches, sketches for dramas that did not become operas, autobiographical chapters, aesthetic musical See also:treatises and polemics of vitriolic violence. Their importance will never be comparable to that of his music; but, just as the reaction against See also:Ruskin's ascendancy as an See also:art-critic has coincided with an increased respect for his ethical and sociological thought, so the rebellious forces that are compelling Wagnerism, to See also:grant music a constitution coincide with a growing admiration of his See also:general See also:mental See also:powers. The See also:prose works have been translated into See also:English by W. A. See also:Ellis (8 vols., 1892-1899). The See also:translation by F. See also:Jameson (1897) of the See also:text of the Ring (first published in the See also:pocket edition of the full scores) is the most wonderful tour de force yet achieved in its See also:line. A careful See also:reading of the score to this English text reveals nor a single false emphasis or loss of rhetorical point in the fitting of words to notes, nor a single extra See also:note or See also:halt in the music; and wherever the See also:language seems See also:stilted or absurd the See also:original will be found to be at least equally so, while the spirit of Wagner's See also:poetry is faithfully reflected. Such work deserves more recognition thanit is ever likely to get. Rapidly as the See also:standard of musical See also:translations was improving before this work appeared, no one could have foreseen what has now been abundantly verified, that the Ring can be performed in English without any appreciable loss to Wagner's art.

The same translator has also published a See also:

close, purely literary version. See also See also:ARIA, See also:HARMONY, See also:INSTRUMENTATION, MUSIC, OPERA, and OVERTURE. (D. F.

End of Article: LIST OF

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