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RUNEBERG, JOHAN LUDVIG (1804—1877)

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 852 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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RUNEBERG, JOHAN LUDVIG (1804—1877)

RUNEBERG, JOHAN LUDVIG (1804—1877) , See also:

SWEDISH

Swedish poet, son of a See also:

sea-See also:

CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain, was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Jakobstad, in See also:

FINLAND (Finnish, Suomi or Suomenmaa)

Finland, on the 5th of See also:

FEBRUARY

February 1804. He was brought up by an See also:

UNCLE

uncle at Ule&borg, and entered the university of See also:

ABO (Finnish Turku)

Abo in the autumn See also:

TERM

term of 1822. In 1823 he See also:

broke off his studies to See also:

ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act as See also:

TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor in two quiet Finnish villages, Saarijarvi and Ruovesi, where he gained a thorough knowledge of the popular See also:

LIFE

life and See also:

POETRY

poetry, and on his return to Abo he began to contribute verses to the See also:

LOCAL

local See also:

NEWSPAPERS

newspapers. In the See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1827 he received the degree of See also:

DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

doctor of See also:

PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy. The university had been removed after the See also:

GREAT

great See also:

FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire of 1827 to See also:

HELSINGFORS (Finnish Helsinki)

Helsingfors, where Runeberg became, in 1830, See also:

AMANUENSIS (a Latin word, derived from the phrase servus a menu, slave of the hand, a secretary)

amanuensis to the See also:

COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of the university. In the same See also:

YEAR

year he published at Helsingfors his first See also:

VOLUME

volume of Dikter (Poems), and a collection of Serbiska folksanger (Servian folksongs) translated into Swedish. In 1831 his See also:

VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse See also:

ROMANCE

romance of Finnish life, Grafven i Perrho (The See also:

GRAVE

Grave in Perrho), received the small See also:

gold See also:

MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal of the Swedish See also:

Academy, and the poet married Fredrika Charlotta Tengstrom, daughter of the See also:

arch-See also:

bishop of Finland. In the same year he was appointed university lecturer on See also:

ROMAN

Roman literature. In 1832 he published his beautiful little idyll, Elgskyttarne (The See also:

ELK

Elk-Hunters); and in 1833 a second collection of lyrical poems. He founded in 1832 the Helsingfors Morgonblad, a See also:

paper which dealt chiefly with aesthetic and See also:

LITERARY

literary questions, and exercised great See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence both in See also:

Sweden and Finland. In it appeared many of his own poems and tales. His See also:

COMEDY

comedy, Friaren fran Landet (The See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

Country See also:

LOVER, SAMUEL (1797-1868)

Lover, 1834), was not a success, but in 1836 he published See also:

HANNA, MARCUS ALONZO (1837-1904)

Hanna, a charming idyll of Finnish country life, written in hexameters.

In 1837 Runeberg accepted the See also:

CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of Latin at Borg& See also:

COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, and resided in that little See also:

TOWN

town for the See also:

REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his life. He was now recognized in his remote Finland retirement as second only to See also:

TEGNER, ESAIAS (1782-1846)

Tegner among the poets of Sweden. In 1841 he published Nadeschda, a romance of See also:

MODERN

modern See also:

RUSSIAN

Russian life, and Julgvallen (See also:

CHRISTMAS (i.e. the Mass of Christ)

Christmas See also:

EVE

Eve), another idyll of Finnish life. The third volume of his Dikter bears the date 1843, and the See also:

NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

cycle of unrhymed verse romances called Kung Fjalar, the setting of which is taken from old Scandinavian See also:

LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend, was published in 1844. Finally, in 1848, he achieved a great popular success by his splendid See also:

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of poems on the See also:

war of See also:

independence in 18o8, when Swedes and Finns fought See also:

side by side. The series bears the name of Fanrik Stals Sagner (See also:

ENSIGN (through the Fr. enseigne from the Latin plural insignia)

Ensign See also:

STEEL, FLORA ANNIE (1847– )

Steel's Stories); a second series appeared in 186o. From 1847 to 1850 the poet was See also:

RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector of Borg& College, a See also:

POST

post which he resigned to take the only See also:

JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey out of Finland which he ever accomplished, a visit to Sweden in 185r. In 1854 he collected his See also:

PROSE

prose essays into a volume entitled Smarre Berattelser. In the same year he was made See also:

PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of a See also:

COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee for the preparation of a See also:

NATIONAL

national Psalter, which issued, in 18J7, a See also:

PSALM (from the Gr. word * hXAew, to play the harp)

psalm-See also:

BOOK

book largely contributed by Runeberg for public use. He once more attempted comedy in his Kan ej (Can't) in 1862, and tragedy, with infinitely more success, in his stately Kungarne pd See also:

SALAMIS

Salamis (The See also:

KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

Kings at Salamis) in 1863. Runeberg died at Borg& on the 6th of May 1877. His writings were collected by C.

R. Nyblom in six volumes in 187o, and his See also:

POSTHUMOUS

posthumous writings in three volumes (1878-79). The poems of Runeberg show the influence of the Greeks and of See also:

GOETHE, JOHANN WOLFGANG VON (1749-1832)

Goethe upon his mind; but he possesses a great originality. It is hardly possible to over-estimate the value of his patriotic poems as a See also:

LINK

link between the Swedish and Finnish nations. He has remained one of the most popular Swedish poets, although his whole life was spent in Finland. An See also:

account of his life and See also:

WORKS

works by C. R. Nyblom is prefixed to the Samlade Skrifter of 187o. For a See also:

minute See also:

criticism of Runeberg's See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal poems, with See also:

TRANSLATIONS

translations, see See also:

Gosse's Studies in the Literature of See also:

NORTHERN

Northern See also:

EUROPE

Europe (1879). A selection of his lyrical pieces was published in an See also:

ENGLISH

English See also:

TRANSLATION

translation by Messrs Magnusson & See also:

Palmer in 1878. There are also monographs on Runeberg by Dietrichson and Rancken (See also:

STOCKHOLM

Stockholm, 1864), by Cygnaus(Helsingfors, 1873), by See also:

LJUNGGREN, GUSTAF HAKAN JORDAN (1823–1905)

Ljunggren (See also:

Lund, 1882-83), and Peschier (See also:

STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1881).

End of Article: RUNEBERG, JOHAN LUDVIG (1804—1877)

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