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symbol takes such forms as or V or ~u ,ultimately ending sometimes in aform like K laid sideways, N4 . In Greek, where is the twentieth letter of the alphabet, or, if the merely numerical r and s' are excluded, the eighteenth, another form t or S according to the direction of the See also:

writing is also widespread. This, which is the only form of the earliest See also:

period at See also:

CUMAE (Gr. Kb/.m)

Cumae, where it is also found more rounded 5, is the origin of the Latin S and its descendants. The development from the angular to the curved shape of S may be seen in its occurrences on the See also:

early See also:

CIPPUS (Lat. for a " post " or " stake ")

cippus found in the See also:

ROMAN

Roman See also:

FORUM (Lat. from foris, " out of doors ")

Forum in 1899. Apart from doubtful instances it is there six times clearly engraved; four of the instances are angular, the other two are more or less rounded.

The Semitic name of the symbol is shin; the Greek name sigma may mean merely the hissing letter and may be a genuine Greek derivative from the verb vt~ w, hiss. Some, however, see in it a corruption of the Semitic name samekh, the letter which corresponds in alphabetic position and in shape to the Greek (x). The Dorian Greeks, however, as See also:

HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus tells us (i. 139), called that letter See also:

san which the Ionian Greeks called sigma; san seems more likely to be an See also:

ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to reproduce the Semitic name. Herodotus says nothing of a difference in shape, but most authorities regard the form M, which with the value of s is practically confined to Doric areas, as being san. In the See also:

compound Qaµ¢opas, san like koppa (Kolnrarias) was known to the Athenians as a See also:

brand for highbred horses (cf. See also:

Aristophanes, Clouds, 122, 1298, 23, 438). For the symbol T which' was used at See also:

Ephesus and other places in See also:

ASIA

Asia See also:

Minor and elsewhere for the See also:

sound represented by -vv- in Ionic Greek, by -TT- in See also:

ATTIC (i.e. "in the Attic style ")

Attic, see ALPHABET. Further points of difficulty in connexion with the sibilants are discussed under X and Z. The See also:

PRONUNCIATION (Lat. pronuntiatio, from pronuntiare, proclaim, announce, pronounce)

pronunciation of s was originally unvoiced: in English it is often used for the voiced sound as well, compare lose with loose, See also:

house with houses. At the end of words the voiced sound is often written with -s, the unvoiced with -ss as in his and hiss. In other cases the pronunciation can be ascertained only from the context, as in use, unvoiced for the substantive, voiced for the verb.

Sometimes a difference of meaning is indicated by difference of spelling though the sounds in the two words are identical, as in furs and See also:

FURZE, GORSE

furze. The voiced form of s (i.e. z) readily passes into r in many See also:

LANGUAGES

languages: compare the Eng. See also:

hare with the Ger. See also:

Hase, the Eng. See also:

EAR (common Teut.; O.E. are, Ger. Ohr, Du. oor, akin to Lat. auris, Gr. ovs)

ear and See also:

Lat. auris with the See also:

GOTHIC

Gothic auso and Lithuanian ausis, " ear.". Here also should be mentioned the sound sh, which, like th, is not a See also:

COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of sounds though written with two symbols. Hence in transcription from See also:

FOREIGN

foreign languages and in See also:

WORKS

works on See also:

PHONETICS (Gr. Davit, voice)

phonetics it is represented by s or The difference in formation between s and s is that the former is dental or alveolar, the latter is produced farther back and has at least two varieties. In the usual Eng. sh the tip of the See also:

TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue is See also:

bent backwards so that the tongue becomes See also:

SPOON (O. Eng. span, a chip or splinter of wood, cf. Du. spoon, Ger. Spahn, in same sense, probably related to Gr. r4 v, wedge)

spoon-shaped. The voiced sound to this is generally written z as in See also:

AZURE (derived, through the Romance languages, from the Arabic al-lazward, for the precious stone lapis lazuli, the initial 1 having dropped)

azure, but sometimes s as in See also:

PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure. The sound of sh is also sometimes represented by s, as in sure, See also:

SUGAR

sugar. This is occasioned by the y-sound with which u now begins, and is carried further in See also:

DIALECT (from Gr. Sia stcror, conversation, manner of speaking, &aXeyec6at, to converse)

dialect than in the See also:

LITERARY

literary See also:

LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language, See also:

SUE, EUGENE [JosEPH MARIE] (1804—1857)

sue and suit, for example, being pronounced in See also:

Scotland like the Eng. See also:

SHOE (a word appearing in the Teutonic languages in various forms, as Ger. Schuh, Swed. and Dan. sko, sometimes supposed to come from an unknown root ska or sku, cover)

shoe and shoot. The sh sound is sometimes not even written with a sibilant, as in the pronunciation of the ci and ti of words like rhetorician and nation. (P.

End of Article: RZHEV

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