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SHAFIROV, PETER PAVLOVICH, BARON (167...

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 760 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SHAFIROV, See also:PETER PAVLOVICH, See also:BARON (1670-1739) , See also:Russian statesman, one of the ablest coadjutors of Peter the See also:Great, was of obscure, and in all See also:probability of Jewish, extraction. He first made himself useful by his extraordinary knowledge of See also:foreign See also:languages. He was the See also:chief translator in the Russian Foreign See also:Office for many years, subsequently accompanying Peter on his travels. Made a baron and raised to the See also:rank of See also:vice-See also:chancellor, he displayed See also:diplomatic talents of the highest See also:order. During the unlucky See also:campaign of 1711, he succeeded against all expectations in concluding the See also:peace of the Pruth (see See also:TURKEY: See also:History). Peter See also:left him in the hands of the See also:Turks as a See also:hostage, and on the rupture of the peace he was imprisoned in the Seven Towers. Finally, however, with the aid of the See also:British and Dutch ambassadors, he defeated the See also:diplomacy of See also:Charles XII. of See also:Sweden and his agents, and confirmed the See also:good relations between See also:Russia and Turkey by the treaty of See also:Adrianople (See also:June 5th, 1713). On the institution of the colleges or departments of See also:state in 1718, Shafirov was appointed vice-See also:president of the See also:department of Foreign Affairs, and a senator. In 1723, however, he was deprived of all his offices and sentenced to See also:death. The See also:capital See also:sentence was commuted on the See also:scaffold to banishment, first to See also:Siberia and then to See also:Novgorod. Peculations and disorderly conduct in the See also:senate were the offences charged against Shafirov, and with some See also:justice. On the death of Peter, Shafirov was released from See also:prison and commissioned to write the See also:life of his See also:late See also:master.

He had previously (1717), in an See also:

historical See also:tract on the See also:war with Charles XII., in which Peter himself collaborated,'epitomized, in a high See also:panegyric See also:style, some of the greatest exploits of the See also:tsar-regenerator. The successful rivalry of his supplanter, Andrei See also:Osterman, prevented Shafirov from holding any high office during the last fourteen years of his life. See B. M. Solovev, History of Russia, vols. xiii.-xvi. (Rus.) (See also:Peters-See also:burg, 1895). (R. N.

End of Article: SHAFIROV, PETER PAVLOVICH, BARON (1670-1739)

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