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STEPHEN IX

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 882 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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STEPHEN IX ., See also:pope from See also:August 1057 to See also:March xo58, succeeded See also:Victor II. (Gebhard of Eichstadt). His baptismal name was See also:Frederick, and he was a younger See also:brother of See also:Godfrey, See also:duke of Upper See also:Lorraine, See also:marquis of See also:Tuscany (by his See also:marriage with See also:Beatrice, widow of See also:Boniface, marquis of Tuscany). Frederick, who had been raised to the cardinalate by See also:Leo IX., acted for some See also:time as papal See also:legate at See also:Constantinople, and was with Leo in his unlucky expedition against the See also:Normans. He shared his brother's fortunes, and at one time had to take See also:refuge from See also:Henry III. in See also:Monte Cassino. Five days after the See also:death of Victor II. (who had made him See also:cardinal-See also:priest and See also:abbot of Monte Cassino) he was chosen to succeed him. He showed See also:great zeal in enforcing the Hildebrandine policy as to clerical See also:celibacy, and was planning the See also:expulsion of the Normans from See also:Italy and the See also:elevation of his brother to the imperial See also:throne when he was seized by a severe illness. He died at See also:Florence on the 29th of March 1058.

End of Article: STEPHEN IX

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