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WHITELEY, WILLIAM (1831-1907)

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 606 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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WHITELEY, See also:WILLIAM (1831-1907) , See also:English " Universal Provider," was See also:born at Agbrigg, near See also:Wakefield, See also:Yorkshire, on the 29th of See also:September 1831, the son of a See also:corn-See also:factor. At the See also:age of sixteen he was apprenticed to a See also:firm of drapers at Wakefield. In 1851 he made his first visit to See also:London to see the See also:Great See also:Exhibition, and was so impressed with the See also:size and activity of the See also:metropolis that he determined to See also:settle there as soon as his See also:apprenticeship was over. A See also:year later he obtained a subordinate position in a See also:draper's See also:establishment in the See also:city, and after studying the drapery See also:trade in this and other London establishments for ten years, in 1863 himself opened a small See also:shop for the See also:sale of See also:fancy drapery in Westbourne See also:Grove, Bayswater. His See also:capital amounted to about £700, which he had saved from his salaries and commissions, and he at first employed two See also:young girls and an errand boy. See also:Friends in the trade had assured him that Westbourne Grove was one of the two worst streets in London for his business, but Whiteley had noted the number and quality of the See also:people who passed the premises every afternoon, and relied on his own See also:judgment. Events justified his confidence, and within a year he was employing fifteen hands. He made a consistent practice of marking all goods in See also:plain figures and of "dressing" his shop-window attractively, both unusual features in the See also:retail trading of the See also:time, and to this, coupled with the fact that he was satisfied with small profits, he largely attributed a success in which his own See also:genius for organization and See also:energy played a conspicuous See also:part. In ,866 Whiteley added See also:general drapery to his other business, opening by degrees shop after shop and See also:department after department, till he was finally enabled to See also:call himself the " Universal Provider," and boast that there was nothing which his stores could not See also:supply. " Whiteley's was, in fact, the first great instance of a large general goods See also:store in London, held under one See also:man's See also:control. In 1899 the business, of which the profits then averaged over £1oo,000 per annum, was turned into a limited liability See also:company, Whiteley retaining the bulk of the shares. On the 23rd of See also:January 1907 he was shot dead, after an interview in his private See also:office, by See also:Horace See also:George Rayner, who claimed (but, as was proved, wrongly) to be his illegitimate son and who had been refused pecuniary assistance.

Rayner was found guilty of See also:

murder, and sentenced to be hanged; but the See also:home secretary (Mr See also:Herbert See also:Gladstone), in response to an agitation for his See also:reprieve,commuted the See also:sentence to penal See also:servitude for See also:life.

End of Article: WHITELEY, WILLIAM (1831-1907)

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