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CARADOC SERIES

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Originally appearing in Volume V05, Page 300 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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CARADOC See also:

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

SERIES , in See also:

GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

geology, the name introduced by R. I. See also:

MURCHISON, SIR RODERICK IMPEY (1792-1871)

Murchison in 1839 for the See also:

SANDSTONE

sandstone series of Caer Caradoc in See also:

SHROPSHIRE (SALOP)

Shropshire, See also:

England. The limits of Murchison's Caradoc series have since been somewhat modified, and through the labours of C. See also:

LAPWORTH, CHARLES (1842– )

Lapworth the several members of the series have been precisely defined by means of graptolitic zones. These zones are identical with those found in the rocks of the same See also:

AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age in See also:

North See also:

WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, the See also:

BALA

Bala series (q.v.), and the terms Bala or Caradoc series are used indifferently by geologists when referring to the uppermost substage of the Ordovician See also:

SYSTEM

System. The Ordovician rocks of the Caradoc See also:

DISTRICT

district have been sub-divided into the following beds, in descending See also:

order: the Trinucleus shales, See also:

Acton See also:

Scott beds, Longville flags, Chatwell and Soudley sandstones, Harnage shales and See also:

HOAR, SAMUEL (1778-1856)

Hoar Edge grits and See also:

LIMESTONE

limestone. In the Corndon district in the same See also:

COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county the Caradoc series is represented by the Marrington See also:

GROUP

group of ashes and shales and the See also:

Spy See also:

Wood group beneath them; these two See also:

groups of strata are sometimes spoken of as the Chirbury series. In the Breidden district are the barren Criggeon shales with ashes and flows of See also:

ANDESITE

andesite. In the See also:

Lake district the Coniston limestone series represents the Upper Caradocian, the See also:

LOWER

lower portion being taken up by See also:

PART

part of the See also:

GREAT

great Borrowdale volcanic series of rocks. The Coniston limestone series contains the following subdivisions: Ashgill group (Ashgill shales and Staurocephalus limestone). Kiesley limestone.

Sleddale group (Applethwaite beds = Upper Coniston limestone See also:

CONGLOMERATE (from the Lat. conglomerare, to form into a ball, glomus, glomeris; so also the general term " conglomeration " for a miscellaneous collection of things, gathered together in a mass)

conglomerate; Yarlside See also:

RHYOLITE (Gr. peiv, to flow, because of the frequency with which they exhibit fluxion structures)

rhyolite; stye end beds=Lower Coniston limestone. See also:

ROMAN

Roman See also:

Fell group (See also:

CORONA (Lat. for " crown ")

Corona beds). The Dufton shales and Drygill shales are equivalents of the Sleddale group. Rocks of Caradoc age are well See also:

DEVELOPED

developed in See also:

SOUTHERN

southern See also:

Scotland; in the See also:

GIRVAN

Girvan district they have been described as the Ardmillan series with the Drummock group and Barren Flagstone group in the upper portion, and the Whitehouse, Ardwell and Balclatchie groups in the lower part. Similarly, two divisions, known as the Upper and Lower See also:

CARALES (Gr. KapaXts, mod. Cagliari, q. v.)

CARALES Hartfell series, are recognized in the southern and central See also:

AREA

area, in See also:

PEEBLESSHIRE, or TWEEDDALE

Peeblesshire, See also:

AYRSHIRE

Ayrshire and See also:

DUMFRIESSHIRE

Dumfriesshire. In See also:

Ireland the Caradoc or Bala series is represented by the See also:

lime-stones of Portraine near See also:

DUBLIN

Dublin and of the See also:

CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

Chair of See also:

KILDARE

Kildare; by the See also:

BALLYMONEY

Ballymoney series of See also:

WEXFORD

Wexford and Carnalea shales of Co. Down. In the Lough See also:

MASK (Fr. masque, apparently from med. Lat. mascus, masca, spectre, through Ital. maschera, Span. mascara)

Mask district beds of this age are found, as in Wales, interstratified with volcanic lavas and tuffs. Other localities are known in counties See also:

Tyrone, See also:

MEATH (pronounced with th soft, as in the)

Meath and See also:

LOUTH

Louth, also in Lambay See also:

ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

Island. See ORDOVICIAN SYSTEM; also C. Lapworth, See also:

Ann. and Mag. Nat.

Hist., 5th series, vol. vi., 188o; Geol. Mag., 1889; C. Lapworth and W. W. See also:

Watts, Proc. Geol. Assoc., xiii., 1894; J. E. Marr, Geol. Mag., 1892; J. E. Marr and T.

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CARALES (Gr. KapaXts, mod. Cagliari, q. v.)