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CLUSERET, GUSTAVE PAUL (1823-1900)

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 570 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CLUSERET, GUSTAVE See also:PAUL (1823-1900) , See also:French soldier and politician, was See also:born at See also:Paris. He was an officer in the garde See also:mobile during the revolution of 1848. He took See also:part in several expeditions in See also:Algeria, joined See also:Garibaldi's See also:volunteers in 186o, and in 1861 resigned his See also:commission to take part in the See also:Civil See also:War in See also:America. He served under See also:Fremont and McClellan, and See also:rose to the See also:rank of See also:general. Then, joining a See also:band of Irish adventurers, he went secretly to See also:Ireland, and participated in the Fenian insurrection (1866-67). He escaped See also:arrest on the collapse of the See also:movement, but was condemned to See also:death in his See also:absence. On his return to See also:France he proclaimed himself a Socialist, opposed militarism, and became a member of the Association internationale See also:des travailleurs, a See also:cosmopolitan Socialist organization, known as the " Internationale." On the See also:proclamation of the Third See also:Republic in 1871 he set to See also:work to organize the social revolution, first at See also:Lyons and afterwards at See also:Marseilles. His See also:energy, his oratorical gifts, and his military experience gave him See also:great See also:influence among the working classes. On the See also:news of the communist rising of the 18th of See also:March 1871 he hastened to Paris, and on the 16th of See also:April was elected a member of the See also:commune. Disagreements with the other communist leaders led to his arrest on the 1st of May, on a false See also:charge of betraying the cause. On the 24th of the same See also:month the occupation of Paris by the See also:Versailles troops restored him to See also:liberty, and he succeeded in escaping from France. He did not return to the See also:country till 1884.

In 1888 and 1889 he was returned as a See also:

deputy to the chamber by See also:Toulon. He died in 1900. Cluseret published his Memoires (of the Commune) at Paris in 1887-1888.

End of Article: CLUSERET, GUSTAVE PAUL (1823-1900)

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