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FOLKLAND (folcland)

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Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 601 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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FOLKLAND (folcland)

FOLKLAND (folcland) . This See also:

TERM

term occurs three times in Anglo-Saxon documents. In a See also:

law of See also:

EDWARD

Edward the See also:

Elder (c. i. 2) it is contrasted with bookland in a way which shows that these two kinds of See also:

TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure formed the two See also:

main subdivisions of landowner-See also:

SHIP

ship: no one is to deny right to another in respect of folkland or bookland. By a See also:

CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter of 863 (See also:

Cod. Dipl. 281), See also:

King 'Ethelberht exchanges five hides of folkland for five hides of bookland which had formerly belonged to a thane, granting the latter for the newly-acquired estates exemption from all fiscal exactions except the threefold public See also:

OBLIGATION

obligation of attending the See also:

FYRD

fyrd and joining in the repair of fortresses and See also:

bridges. Evidently folkland was not See also:

FREE

free from the See also:

PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment of gafal (See also:

LAND

land tax) and providing quarters for the king's men. In ealdorman See also:

ALFRED

Alfred's will the testator disposes freely of his bookland estates in favour of his sons and his daughter, but to a son who is not considered as rightful offspring five hides of folkland are See also:

LEFT

left, provided the king consents. It is probable that folkland is meant in two or three cases when Latin documents speak of terra rei publicae :lure possessa. Two See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal explanations have been given to this term. See also:

Allen thought that folkland was similar to the See also:

ROMAN

Roman ager publicus: it was the See also:

COMMON

common See also:

PROPERTY

property of the nation (foie), and the king had to dispose of it by See also:

CARVING

carving out dependent tenures for his followers more or less after the See also:

FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion of See also:

CONTINENTAL

continental beneficia.

These estates remained subject to the See also:

SUPERIOR

superior ownership of the folk and of the king: they could eventually be taken back by the latter and, in any See also:

case, the See also:

HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir of a holder of folkland had to be confirmed in See also:

possession by the king. A See also:

LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter of See also:

Bede to the See also:

ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop See also:

Ecgbert of See also:

York may be interpreted to apply to this See also:

KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of tenure. See also:

Kemble, K. See also:

MAURER, GEORG LUDWIG VON (1790-1872)

Maurer, H. C. See also:

Lodge, See also:

Stubbs and others followed Allen's See also:

lead. Another theory was started by See also:

PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor See also:

VINOGRADOFF, PAUL (1854- )

Vinogradoff in an See also:

ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article on folkland in the See also:

ENGLISH

English lust. See also:

REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review for 1893. It considers folkland as landownership by folkright—at common law, as might be said in See also:

MODERN

modern legal speech. In opposition to it bookland appears as landownership derived from royal See also:

PRIVILEGE

privilege. The incidents recorded in the charters characterize folkland as subject to See also:

ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary fiscal burdens and to limitations in respect of testamentary See also:

SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession. Thane Wallaf has to be relieved from fiscal exactions when his See also:

ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate is converted from folkland into bookland (c.D.

281). Ealdorman Alfred's son, not being recognized as legitimate, has to claim folkland not by See also:

DIRECT

direct succession or devise, but by the consent of the king. These incidents and limitations are thrown into See also:

RELIEF

relief by copious illustrations as to the fundamental features of bookland contained in the number-less " books." These are exemptions from fiscal dues and freedom of disposition of the owner. This view of the See also:

MATTER

matter has been accepted by the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief modern authorities.

End of Article: FOLKLAND (folcland)

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