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GIRARDIN, EMILE DE (1802–1881)

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 46 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GIRARDIN, EMILE DE (1802–1881) , See also:French publicist, was See also:born, not in See also:Switzerland in 18o6 of unknown parents, but (as was recognized in 1837) in See also:Paris in 1802, the son of See also:General See also:Alexandre de Girardin and of Madame See also:Dupuy, wife of a Parisian See also:advocate. His first publication was a novel, Emile, dealing with his See also:birth and See also:early See also:life, and appeared under the name of Girardin in 1827. He became inspector of See also:fine arts under the See also:Martignac See also:ministry just before the revolution of 283o, and was an energetic and passionate journalist. Besides his See also:work on the daily See also:press he issued See also:miscellaneous publications which attained an enormous circulation. His See also:Journal See also:des co'nnaissances See also:Miles had 120,000 subscribers, and the initial edition of his Almanach de See also:France (1834) ran to a million copies. In 1836 he inaugurated cheap journalism in a popular Conservative See also:organ, La Presse, the subscription to which was only See also:forty francs a See also:year. This undertaking involved him in a See also:duel with Armand See also:Carrel, the fatal result of which made him refuse See also:satisfaction to later opponents. In 1839 he was excluded from the Chamber of Deputies, to which he had been four times elected, on the plea of his See also:foreign birth, but was admitted in 1842. He resigned early in See also:February 1847, and on the 24th of February 1848 sent a See also:note to See also:Louis Philippe demanding his resignation and the regency of the duchess of See also:Orleans. In the Legislative See also:Assembly he voted with the See also:Mountain. He pressed eagerly in his See also:paper for the See also:election of See also:Prince Louis See also:Napoleon, of whom he afterwards became one of the most violent opponents. In 1856 he sold La Presse, only to resume it in 1862, but its See also:vogue was over, and Girardin started a new journal, La Liberte, the See also:sale of which was forbidden in the, public streets.

He supported Emile 011ivier and the Liberal See also:

Empire, but plunged into vehement journalism again to advocate See also:war against See also:Prussia. Of his many subsequent enterprises the most successful was the See also:purchase of Le See also:Petit Journal, which served to advocate the policy of See also:Thiers, though he himself did not contribute. The crisis of the 16th of May 1877, when Jules See also:Simon See also:fell from See also:power, made himresume his See also:pen to attack See also:MacMahon and the party of reaction in La France and in Le Petit Journal. Emile de Girardin married in 1831 Delphine See also:Gay (see above), and after her See also:death in 1855 Guillemette See also:Josephine Brunold, countess von Tieffenbach, widow of Prince See also:Frederick of See also:Nassau. He was divorced from his second wife in 1872. The See also:long See also:list of his social and See also:political writings includes: De la presse periodique an XIX, siecle (1837); De l'instruction publique (1838) ; Etudes politiques (1838) ; De la liberte de la tresse et du journalisme (1842) ; Le See also:Droit au travail au Luxembourg eta l'Assemblee Nationale (2 vols., 1848) ; See also:Les Cinquante-deux (1849, &e.), a See also:series of articles on current See also:parliamentary questions; La Politique universelle, decrets de l'avenir (See also:Brussels, 1852); Le Condamne du 6 See also:mars (1867), an See also:account of his own See also:differences with the See also:government in 1867 when he was fined 5000 fr. for an See also:article in La Liberte; Le Dossier de la guerre (1877), a collection of See also:official documents; Questions de mon temps, 1836 a 1856, articles extracted from the daily and weekly press (12 vols., 1858).

End of Article: GIRARDIN, EMILE DE (1802–1881)

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