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HESS, HEINRICH HERMANN JOSEF, FREIHER...

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 409 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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HESS, HEINRICH See also:
HERMANN, JOHANN GOTTFRIED JAKOB (1772–1848)
HERMANN, KARL FRIEDRICH (1804–1855)
HERMANN JOSEF, FREIHERR VON (1788-1870) , See also:

AUSTRIAN

Austrian soldier, entered the See also:

army in 18o5 and was soon employed as a See also:

STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff officer on survey See also:

WORK

work. He distinguished himself as a subaltern at Aspern and See also:

WAGRAM (DEUTSCH-WAGRAM)

Wagram, and in 1813, as a See also:

CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain, again served on the staff. In 1815 he was with See also:

Schwarzenberg. He had in the See also:

INTERVAL

interval between the two See also:

WARS

wars been employed as a military See also:

COMMISSIONER

commissioner in See also:

PIEDMONT (Ital. Piemonte; Low Lat. Pedemons and Pedemontium)

Piedmont, and at the See also:

peace resumed this See also:

POST

post, gaining knowledge which later proved invaluable to the Austrian army. In 1831, when See also:

RADETZKY, JOSEF, COUNT OF RADETZ (1766-1858)

Radetzky became See also:

COMMANDER

commander-in-See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief in Austrian See also:

Italy, he took Hess as his chief-of-staff, and thus began the connexion between two famous soldiers which, like that of See also:

BLUCHER, GEBHARD LEBERECHT VON (1742—1819)

Blucher and See also:

GNEISENAU, AUGUST WILHELM ANTON, COUNT

Gneisenau, is a classical example of harmonious co-operation of commander and chief-of-staff. Hess put into shape Radetzky's military ideas, inthe See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form of new See also:

DRILL

drill for each See also:

ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm, and, under their guidance, the Austrian army in See also:

North Italy, always on a See also:

war footing, became the best in See also:

EUROPE

Europe. From 1834 to 1848 Hess was employed in See also:

MORAVIA (Ger., Ma/wen; Czech, Morava)

Moravia, at See also:

Vienna, &c., but, on the outbreak of revolution and war in the latter See also:

YEAR

year, was at once sent out to Radetzky as chief-of-staff. In the two See also:

CAMPAIGNS

campaigns against See also:

King See also:

Charles See also:

Albert which followed, culminating in the victory of See also:

NOVARA

Novara, Hess's assistance to his chief was made still more valuable by his knowledge of the enemy, and the old See also:

field-See also:

MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal acknowledged his services in See also:

general orders. Lieut.-Fieldmarshal Hess was at once promoted Feldzeugmeister, made a member of the See also:

EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor's See also:

COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council, and Freiherr, assuming at the same See also:

time the duties of the quartermaster-general. Next year he became chief of the staff to the emperor. He was often employed in See also:

MISSIONS (Lat. missio, a sending)

missions to various capitals, and he appearedin the field in 1854 at the See also:

head of the Austrian army which intervened so effectually in the See also:

CRIMEAN

Crimean war. In 1859 he was sent to Italy after the See also:

early defeats.

He became field-marshal in 186o, and a year later, on resigning his position as chief-of-staff, he was made captain of the Trabant guard. He died in Vienna in 187o. See " General Hess " in Lebensgeschichtlichen Hinrissen (Vienna, 1855).

End of Article: HESS, HEINRICH HERMANN JOSEF, FREIHERR VON (1788-1870)

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