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SCHWARZENBERG, KARL PHILIPP, PRINCE Z...

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 391 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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SCHWARZENBERG, KARL PHILIPP, See also:
PRINCE
PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)
PRINCE ZU (1771-1820) , See also:

AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

field See also:

MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal, was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 15th of See also:

APRIL

April 1771 at See also:

Vienna.' He entered the imperial See also:

CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry in 1788, fought in 1789 under See also:

Lacy and Loudon against the See also:

TURKS

Turks, distinguished himself by his bravery, and became See also:

major in 1792. In the See also:

French See also:

CAMPAIGN

campaign of 1793 he served in the advanced guard of the See also:

army commanded by Prince Josias of See also:

COBURG

Coburg, and at Cateau Cambresis in 1794 his impetuous See also:

charge at the See also:

head of his See also:

REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment, vigorously supported by twleve See also:

BRITISH

British squadrons, See also:

broke a whole See also:

CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps of the French, killed and wounded 3000 men, and brought off 32 of the enemy's guns. He was immediately decorated with the See also:

CROSS

cross of the Maria See also:

THERESA, ST (1515-1582)

Theresa See also:

order. After taking See also:

PART

part in the battles of See also:

AMBERG

Amberg and Wifrzburg in 1796 he was raised to the See also:

RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of major-See also:

general, and in 1799 he was promoted See also:

LIEUTENANT

lieutenant field marshal. At the defeat of Hohenlinden in 1800 his promptitude and courage saved the right wing of the Austrian army from destruction, and he was afterwards entrusted by the See also:

ARCHDUKE (Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog)

archduke See also:

Charles with the command of the rearguard. In the See also:

war of 1805 he held command of a See also:

DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division under Mack, and when See also:

Ulm was surrounded by See also:

NAPOLEON

Napoleon in See also:

OCTOBER

October he was one of the brave See also:

BAND

band of cavalry, under the archduke See also:

Ferdinand, which cut its way through the hostile lines. In the same See also:

YEAR

year he was made a See also:

COMMANDER

commander of the order of Maria Theresa and in 1809 he received the See also:

GOLDEN

Golden Fleece. When in 1808, in view of a new war with See also:

France, See also:

Austria decided to send a See also:

SPECIAL

special See also:

ENVOY (Fr. envoye, " sent ")

envoy to See also:

Russia, Schwarzenberg, who was persona grata at the See also:

court of St See also:

PETERSBURG

Petersburg, was selected. He returned, however, in See also:

time to take part in the See also:

BATTLE

battle of See also:

WAGRAM (DEUTSCH-WAGRAM)

Wagram, and was soon afterwards promoted general of cavalry. After the See also:

peace of Vienna he was sent to See also:

Paris to negotiate the See also:

MARRIAGE

marriage between Napoleon and the archduchess Maria Louisa. The prince gave a See also:

ball in See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of the See also:

BRIDE (a common Teutonic word, e.g..Goth. bruths, O. Eng. bryd, O. H. Ger. prs2t, Mod. Ger. Bract, Dut. bruid, possibly derived from the root bru-, cook, brew; from the med. latinized form bruta, in the sense of daughter-in-law, is derived the Fr. bru)

bride on the 1st of See also:

JULY

July 1810, which ended in the tragic See also:

DEATH

death of many of the guests, including his own See also:

SISTER

sister-in-See also:

law, in a See also:

FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire. Napoleon held Schwarzenberg in See also:

GREAT

great esteem, and it was at his See also:

REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request that the prince took command of the Austrian See also:

AUXILIARY (from Lat. auxilium, help)

auxiliary corps in the See also:

RUSSIAN

Russian campaign of 1812.

The part of the Austrians was well understood to be politically rather than r The See also:

FAMILY

family of Schwarzenberg, of which many members are known to See also:

HISTORY

history, was derived from Erkinger von Seinsheim (b. 1362), a distinguished soldier under the See also:

EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

SIGISMUND (1368-1437)

Sigismund, who bought the lordship of Schwarzenberg in See also:

FRANCONIA (Ger. Franken)

Franconia in 1420. See also:

COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count Adolf von Schwarzenberg (1547–1600) was a renowned general of the See also:

EMPIRE

empire, whose See also:

SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword, along with that of his descendant Prince Karl Philipp, is preserved in the See also:

ARSENAL

arsenal of Vienna. He fought in the See also:

WARS

wars of See also:

religion, but was chiefly distinguished in the wars on the Eastern frontier against the Turks. He was killed in a See also:

mutiny of the soldiers at Papa in See also:

Hungary in 1600. GEORG See also:

LUDWIG, COUNT voN SCHWARZENBERG (1586–1646), was an Austrian statesman in the See also:

THIRTY

Thirty Years' War. JOHANN, FREIHERR VON SCHWARZENBERG UND HOHENLANDSBERG (1463-1528), was a celebrated jurist and a friend of See also:

LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther. morally hostile, and Schwarzenberg gained some See also:

minor successes by skilful manoeuvres without a great battle; afterwards, under instructions from Napoleon, he remained for some months inactive at See also:

PULTUSK

Pultusk. In 1813, when Austria, after many hesitations, took the See also:

side of the See also:

ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies against Napoleon, Schwarzenberg, recently promoted to be field marshal, was appointed commander-in-See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of the allied See also:

GRAND

Grand Army of Bohemia. As such he was the See also:

SENIOR, NASSAU WILLIAM (1790-1864)

senior of the allied generals who conducted the campaign of 1813–1814 to the final victory before Paris and the overthrow of Napoleon. It is the See also:

FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion to accuse Schwarzenberg of timidity and over-caution, and his operations can easily be made to appear in that See also:

COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour when contrasted with those of his See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal subordinate, the fiery See also:

BLUCHER, GEBHARD LEBERECHT VON (1742—1819)

Blucher, but critics often forget that Schwarzenberg was an Austrian general first of all, that his army was practically the whole force that Austria could put into the field in Central See also:

EUROPE

Europe, and was therefore not lightly to be risked, and that the motives of his pusillanimity should be sought in the See also:

POLITICAL

political archives of Vienna rather than in the See also:

TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text-books of strategical theory. In any See also:

case his victory, how-ever achieved, was as See also:

COMPLETE

complete as Austria desired, and his rewards were many, the grand crosses of the Maria Theresa and of many See also:

FOREIGN

foreign orders, an See also:

ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate, the position of See also:

PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the Hofkriegsrath, and, as a specially remarkable honour, the right to See also:

bear the arms of Austria as an See also:

ESCUTCHEON (0. Fr. escucheon, escusson, modern dcusson, through a Late Lat. form from Lat. Scutum, shield)

escutcheon of pretence.

But shortly afterwards, having lost his sister See also:

Caroline, to whom he was deeply attached, he See also:

fell See also:

ill. A stroke of See also:

PARALYSIS, or PALSY (from Gr. aapal,6a , to relax; Wycliffe has palesy, and another old form of the word is parlesy)

paralysis disabled him in 1817, and in 182o, when revisiting See also:

LEIPZIG

Leipzig, the See also:

SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of the Volkerschlacht that he had directed seven years before, he was attacked by a second stroke. He died there on the 15th of October. His eldest son, See also:

FRIEDRICH, JOHANN (1836— )

FRIEDRICH, PRINCE ZU SCHWARZENBERG (1800-1870), had an adventurous career as a soldier, and described his wanderings and See also:

CAMPAIGNS

campaigns in several interesting See also:

WORKS

works, of which the best known is his Wanderungen eines Lanzknechtes (1844-1845). He took part as an Austrian officer in the campaigns of See also:

Galicia 1846, See also:

Italy 1848 and Hungary 1848, and as an See also:

AMATEUR (Lat. amator, lover)

amateur in the French See also:

CONQUEST

conquest of See also:

Algeria, the Carlist wars in See also:

Spain and the Swiss See also:

CIVIL

civil war of the Sonderbund. He became a major-general in the Austrian army in 1849, and died after many years of well-filled leisure in 187o. The second son, KARL PrnLIPP (d. 1858), was a Feldzeugmeister; the third, See also:

EDMUND See also:

LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

LEOPOLD FRIEDRICH (1803–1873), a field marshal in the Austrian army. Of Schwarzenberg's nephews, See also:

Felix, the statesman, is separately noticed, and FRIEDRICH JOHANN JOSEF COELESTIN (18o9-1885) was a See also:

CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal and a prominent figure in papal and Austrian history. See Prokesch-Osten, Denkwurdigkeiten aus dem Leben See also:

des Feldmarschall's Fursten Schwarzenberg (Vienna, 1823) ; Berger, Das Fiirstenhaus Schwarzenberg (Vienna, 1866), and a memoir by the same See also:

hand in Streffleur's Ost. Militarzeitschrift, 1863.

End of Article: SCHWARZENBERG, KARL PHILIPP, PRINCE ZU (1771-1820)

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