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JACOBITE See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
CHURCH . The name of " See also:Jacobites " is first found in a synodal See also:decree of See also:Nicaea A.D. 787, and was invented by hostile Greeks for the Syrian Monophysite Church as founded, or rather restored, by See also:Jacob or See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James Baradaeus, who was ordained its See also:bishop A.D. 541 or 543. The See also:Monophysites, who like the Greeks knew themselves simply as the Orthodox, were grievously persecuted by the See also:emperor Justinian and the graecizing patriarchs of See also:Antioch, because they rejected the decrees of the See also:council of See also:Chalcedon, in which they—not without See also:good See also:reason —saw nothing but a thinly veiled relapse into those opinions of See also:Nestorius which the previous council of See also:Ephesus had condemned. James was See also:born a little before A.D. 500 at Tella or Tela, 55 M. See also:east of See also:Edessa, of a priestly See also:family, and entered the See also:convent of Phesilta on See also:Mount See also:Isla. About 528 he went with a See also:fellow-See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk See also:Sergius to See also:Constantinople to plead the cause of his co-religionists with the empress See also:Theodora, and livid there fifteen years. Justinian during those years imprisoned, deprived or exiled most of the recalcitrant See also:clergy of See also:Syria, See also:Mesopotamia, See also:Cilicia, See also:Cappadocia, and the adjacent regions. Once ordained bishop of Edessa, with the connivance of Theodora, James, disguised as a ragged See also:beggar (whence his name Baradaeus, See also:Syriac Burdeana, Arabic al-Baradia), traversed these regions See also:preaching, teaching and ordaining new clergy to the number, it is said, of 8o,000. His later years were embittered by squabbles with his own clergy, and he died in 578. His See also:work, however, endured, and in the See also:middle ages the Jacobite See also:hierarchy numbered 150 archbishops and bishops under a See also:patriarch and his maphrian. About the See also:year 728 six Jacobite bishops See also:present at the council of Manazgert established communion with the Armenians, who equally rejected Chalcedon; they were sent by the patriarch of Antioch, and among them were the See also:metropolitan of Urha (Edessa) and the bishops of Qarhan, Gardman, Nferkert and See also:Amasia. How See also:long ,this See also:union lasted is not known. In 1842, when the Rev. G. P. See also:Badger visited the See also:chief Jacobite centres, their See also:numbers in all See also:Turkey had dwindled to about 1oo,000 souls, owing to vast secessions to See also:Rome. At See also:Aleppo at that date only ten families out of several See also:hundred remained true to their old faith, and something like the same proportion at See also:Damascus and See also:Bagdad. Badger testifies that the Syrian proselytes to Rome were See also:superior to their Jacobite brethren, having established See also:schools, rebuilt their churches, increased their clergy, and, above all, having learned to live with each other on terms of See also:peace and charity. As See also:late as 1850 there were 15o villages of them in the See also:Jebel Toor to the See also:north-east of See also:Mardin, 50 in the See also:district of Urfah and Gawar, and a few in the neighbourhoods of Diarbekr, See also:Mosul and Damascus. From about 186o, the seceders to Rome were able, thanks to See also:French consular See also:protection, to seize the See also:majority of the Jacobite churches in Turkey; and this injustice has contributed much to the present degradation and impoverishment of the Jacobites.
They used leavened See also:bread in the Eucj}arist mixed with See also:salt and oil, and like other Monophysites add to the Trisagion the words " Who wast crucified for our See also:sake." They venerate pictures or images, and make the sign of the See also:cross with one See also:finger to show that See also:Christ had but one nature. Deacons, as in See also:Armenia, marry before taking priests' orders. Their patriarch is styled of Antioch, but seldom comes See also:west of Mardin.
End of Article: JACOBITE CHURCH
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