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See also:KATER, See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
HENRY (1777-1835) , See also:English physicist of See also:German descent, was See also:born at See also:Bristol on the 16th of See also:April 1777. At first he purposed to study See also:law; but this he abandoned on his See also:father's See also:death in 1794, and entered the See also:army, obtaining a See also:commission in the 12th See also:regiment of See also:foot, then stationed in See also:India, where he rendered valuable assistance in the See also:great trigonometrical survey. Failing See also:health obliged him to return to See also:England; and in 1808, being then a See also:lieutenant, he entered on a distinguished student career in the See also:senior See also:department of the Royal Military See also:College at See also:Sandhurst. Shortly after he was promoted to the See also:rank of See also:captain. In 1814 he retired on See also:half-pay, and devoted the See also:remainder of his See also:life to scientific See also:research. He died at See also:London on the 26th of April 1835.
His first important contribution to scientific knowledge was the comparison of the merits of the Cassegrainian and Gregorian telescopes, from which (Phil. Trans., 1813 and 1814) he deduced that the See also:illuminating See also:power of the former exceeded that of the latter in the proportion of 5 : 2. This inferiority of the Gregorian he explained as being probably due to the mutual interference of the rays as they crossed at the See also:principal See also:focus before reflection at the second See also:mirror. His most valuable See also:work was the determination of the length of the second's pendulum, first at London and subsequently at various stations throughout the See also:country (Phil. Trans., 1818, 1819). In these researches he skilfully took See also:advantage of the well-known See also:property of See also:reciprocity between the centres of suspension and oscillation of an oscillating See also:body, so as to determine experimentally the precise position of the centre of oscillation; the distance between these centres was then the length of the ideal See also:simple pendulum having the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of oscillation. As the inventor of the floating collimator, Kater rendered a great service to See also:practical See also:astronomy (Phil. Trans., 1825, 1828). He also published See also:memoirs (Phil. Trans., 1821, 1831) on See also:British See also:standards of length and See also:mass; and in 1832 he published an See also:account of his labours in verifying the See also:Russian standards of length. For his services to See also:Russia in this respect he received in 1814 the decoration of the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of St. See also:Anne; and the same See also:year he was elected a See also:fellow of the Royal Society.
His See also:attention was also turned to the subject of See also:compass needles, his Bakerian lecture " On the Best See also:Kind of See also:Steel and See also:Form for a Compass See also:Needle" (Phil. Trans., 1821) containing the results of many experiments. The See also:treatise on " See also:Mechanics " in See also:Lardner's Cyclopaedia was partly written by him; and his See also:interest in more purely astronomical questions was evidenced by two communications to the Astronomical Society's Memoirs for 1831–1833—the one on an observation of See also:Saturn's See also:outer See also:ring, the other on a method of determining See also:longitude by means of lunar eclipses.
End of Article: KATER, HENRY (1777-1835)
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