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LOCAL GOVERNMENT

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 839 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LOCAL See also:GOVERNMENT , a phrase specially adopted in See also:English usage for the decentralized or deconcentrated See also:administration, within a See also:state or See also:national and central government, of local affairs by local authorities. It is restricted not only in respect of See also:area but also in respect of the See also:character and extent of the duties assigned to them. It is not to be confused with local self-government in the wider sense in which the words are sometimes employed, e.g. for the granting by the See also:crown of self-government to a See also:colony; the expression, in a See also:general way, may mean this, but " local government " as technically used in See also:England refers more narrowly to the See also:system of See also:county or municipal administration, and English usage transfers it to denote the similar institutions in other countries. The growth and persistence of this See also:kind of subordinate government is due practically to the need of relieving the central authority in the state, and to experience of the failure of a completely centralized bureaucracy. The degree to which local government is adopted varies considerably in different countries, and those which are the best examples of it in See also:modern times—the See also:United See also:Kingdom, the United States, See also:France and See also:Germany—differ very much in their local institutions, partly through See also:historical, partly through temperamental, causes. A certain shifting of ideas from See also:time to time, as to what is local and what is central, is inevitable, and the same view is not possible in countries of different See also:con-figuration, See also:history or See also:political system. The history and See also:present st See also:ate of the local government in the various countries are dealt with in the See also:separate articles on them (ENGLAND, GERMANY, &c.), in the sections dealing with government and administration, or political institutions. The best See also:recent See also:comparative study of local government is See also:Percy See also:Ashley's Local and Central Government (See also:Murray, 1906), an admirable See also:account of the See also:evolution and working of the systems in England, France, See also:Prussia and United States. Other important See also:works, in addition to general works on constitutional See also:law, are J. A. Fairlie's Municipal Administration, See also:Shaw's Municipal Government in See also:Continental See also:Europe, Redlich and Hirst's Local Government in England, Mr and Mrs See also:Sidney See also:Webb's elaborate historical inquiry into English local government (1906), and for Germany, Bornhak's Geschichte See also:des preussischen Verwaltungsrechts.

End of Article: LOCAL GOVERNMENT

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