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north and south. Its dimensions were, 4 ft. 4 in. by 2 ft. 84 in. and 2 ft. 24 in. high. The stone lid of the coffer was split into four pieces; but the coffer remained perfectly closed, so accurately was the lid fitted into flanges on the sides of the See also:

box. The pieces were thus firmly held in their See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, and the contents of the coffer were found intact.

These consisted of five vessels, two vases, a bowl and a See also:

CASKET

casket being made of steatite, and the fifth, also a bowl, of crystal. All these vessels are beautifully worked, the crystal bowl especially, with its See also:

fish-shaped See also:

COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover handle, being as a work of See also:

art of high merit.' The coffer is of See also:

FINE

fine hard See also:

SANDSTONE

sandstone of See also:

SUPERIOR

superior quality, and has been hollowed out, at the cost of vast labour and expense, from a solid See also:

block of See also:

rock. Peppe calculates its See also:

WEIGHT

weight, lid included, at 1537 lb. It is only the See also:

GREAT

great solidity of this coffer which has preserved the contents. A cover of one of the vases was found dislodged and lying on the bottom of the stone coffer. As this cover fits very well it must have required a quite violent See also:

SHOCK, or COLLAPSE

shock to remove' it. This was almost certainly the shock of an See also:

EARTHQUAKE

earthquake, and the same shock probably caused the split in the stone lid of the coffer itself. The vessels contained a dark dust, apparently disintegrated ashes, small pieces of See also:

bone, and a number of small pieces of See also:

JEWELRY (O. Fr. jouel, Fr. joyau, perhaps from joie, joy; Lat. gaudium; retranslated into Low Lat. jocale, a toy, from jocus, by misapprehension of the origin of the word)

jewelry in See also:

gold, See also:

SILVER

silver, See also:

white and red cornelian, See also:

AMETHYST

amethyst, See also:

TOPAZ

topaz, See also:

garnet, See also:

CORAL

coral and crystal. Most of these are perforated for mounting on threads or wires, and had been, no doubt, originally connected together to See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form one or more of the elaborate girdles, necklaces and See also:

BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast ornaments then worn by the See also:

WOMEN

women.' On the bottom of the stone box there was similar dust, pieces of bone and jewelry, and also remains of what had been vessels of See also:

wood. The knob forming the handle of one of these wooden receptacles was still distinguishable. The See also:

TOTAL

total quantity of scraps of bone may have amounted to a wineglassful. An inscription ran See also:

ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round one of the steatite vases just below the lid.' The words mean: This See also:

SHRINE (Lat. scrinium, a case or chest for books, hence a casket; from scribere, to write, Fr. ecrin, Ital. scrigno)

shrine for ashes of the Buddha, the Exalted One, is the pious work of the Sakiyas, his brethren, associated with their sisters, and their See also:

CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, and their wives.

The thirteen words, in a See also:

LOCAL

local See also:

DIALECT (from Gr. Sia stcror, conversation, manner of speaking, &aXeyec6at, to converse)

dialect of See also:

PALI

Pali, are written in very See also:

ancient characters, and are the See also:

OLDEST

oldest inscription as yet discovered in India. Twelve out of the thirteen are well-known words, the See also:

INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)

interpretation of which is not open to doubt. One word, rendered above by " pious work," has not been found else-where, and its derivation is open to discussion. The explanation here adopted as most probable was put forward by See also:

PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor Pischel of See also:

Berlin.' The phrase " pious work " probably had a precise technical See also:

CONNOTATION

connotation like the See also:

ENGLISH

English " benefaction." The See also:

MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument must have been of imposing See also:

APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance. The See also:

DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter (on the ground level) of the See also:

DOME (Lat domus, house; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

dome is '16 ft. For 8 ft. from the See also:

SUMMIT

summit of the ruin it was not possible to trace the outline. At that point the See also:

OUTER

outer See also:

wall, if one may so See also:

CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call it, of the solid dome could be traced, and had a diameter of 68 ft. The dome, therefore, sloped inwards' ft. for every 3 ft. in height, in other words, it was, like all the most ancient of these artificial burial domes in India, a shallow dome, and cannot have been more than about 35 ft. high exclusive of the See also:

ORNAMENT (Lat. ornare, to adorn)

ornament or "tee" on the summit. We have in bas-reliefs of the 3rd See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century representations of what these ornaments were like—small ' An See also:

ILLUSTRATION

illustration from a photograph is given in Rhys Davids' Buddhist India, p. 131. 3 For figures of the jewelry found see the See also:

PLATE

plate in Mr Pepp6's See also:

ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article, reproduced in Rhys Davids' Buddhist India, p. 89.

For the jewelry of the See also:

time, ibid., pp. 9o, 91. ' See illustration ibid., p. 129. Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, tvi. '57. square erections, like a shrine or small See also:

temple, surmounted by a See also:

CANOPY (through Fr. canape, from Med. Lat. canapeum, classical conopeum, a mosquito curtain, Gr. K6v(.4, a gnat)

canopy called from its shape a T. They were then more than a third of the height of the dome itself. The total height of this Sakiya tope will therefore have been approximately a little under 50 ft. It was probably surrounded by a carved wooden railing, but this has See also:

long since disappeared. All such monuments hitherto discovered in India were put up in See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of some religious teacher, not in memory of royal persons, generous benefactors, politicans, or soldiers or private persons, however distinguished. And we need have no hesitation in accepting this as a monument put up over a portion of the ashes from the funeral pyre of Gotama the Buddha.

The See also:

account of the See also:

DEATH

death and See also:

CREMATION (Lat. cremare, to burn)

cremation of the Buddha, preserved in the Buddhist See also:

CANON

canon, states that one-eighth portion of the ashes was presented to the Sakiya See also:

CLAN (Gaelic clann, O. Ir. cland, connected with Lat. planta, shoot or scion, the ancient Gaelic or Goidelic substituting k for p)

clan, and that they built a thupa, or memorial mound, over it.' Mr Peppe presented the coffer and vases with specimens of the jewelry to the museum at See also:

CALCUTTA

Calcutta where they still are. He also gave specimens of the trinkets to the See also:

ASIATIC

Asiatic Society in See also:

LONDON

London. Pepp6's See also:

ORIGINAL

original article is in the ,.'routnr: of the Royal Asiatic Society for 1898, pp. 573 sqq. Commcrts upon it, one or two of them sceptical, are in the same jou'-..a1 1898, pp. 579, 588, 387, 868; 1899, p. 425; 1901, p. 398: 1905 p. 679; 1906, pp. 149 sqq. See also A. See also:

Barth, Comptes rendue, de l'academie See also:

des See also:

INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions (1898), See also:

XXVI

xxvi., 147, 233; Sylvain See also:

Levy.

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