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PYROGALLOL, or PYROGALLIC ACID

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Originally appearing in Volume V22, Page 693 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PYROGALLOL, or PYROGALLIC See also:ACID , a trioxybenzene, C6H3(OH)3 (1 : 2 : 3), prepared by See also:Scheele in 1786 by See also:heating gallic acid, C6H2(OH)3CO2H. It is also obtained by heating See also:para-chlorphenoldisulphonic acid with See also:potassium hydroxide. It forms See also:white plates, melting at 132°, readily soluble in See also:water, and subliming without decomposition. It is an energetic reducing See also:agent, a See also:property utilized in its application in See also:gas See also:analysis to absorb See also:oxygen, and in See also:photography (q.v.) as a developer. The aqueous See also:solution is turned bluish See also:black by ferrous sulphate containing a ferric See also:salt. It does not combine with See also:hydroxylamine, as does the isomeric phloroglucin which yields a trioxime(see POLYMETnYLENES). Pyrogallol dimethyl See also:ether is found in beechwood See also:tar. Pyrogallol has antiseptic properties and is employed medicinally in the treatment of See also:psoriasis. Eugallol, or monacetyl pyrogallol and lenigallel, or triacetyl pyrogallol, are also used. position of various rocks, for example, See also:limestone. That it is readily deposited from solution is shown by the frequent occurrence of black dendritic markings in the crevices of rocks, excellent examples of which are seen in mocha See also:stone (q.v.) and in the lithographic stone of Solenhofen in See also:Bavaria. It is deposited from the See also:waters of some springs, and manganiferous nodules are dredged from the See also:floor of the deep See also:sea.

As an ore it is extensively See also:

mined at See also:Ilmenau and several other places in Thuringia, at Vorderehrensdorf near See also:Prossnitz in See also:Moravia, Platten in Bohemia, in See also:North See also:Wales, at several places in the See also:United States (See also:Vermont, See also:Virginia, See also:Arkansas, &c.), Nova See also:Scotia and See also:Brazil. Pyrolusite, together with the rather less important ore, See also:psilomelane, has various economic applications. It is extensively used for the manufacture of spiegeleisen and ferromanganese, and of various See also:alloys, such as See also:manganese-See also:bronze. As an oxidizing agent it is used in the preparation of See also:chlorine and See also:disinfectants (permanganates), and for decolorizing See also:glass: when mixed with molten glass it oxidizes the ferrous See also:iron to ferric iron, and so discharges the See also:green and See also:brown tints, hence the name pyrolusite, from Gr. 7-up (See also:fire) and ab€iv (to See also:wash). As a colouring material, it is used in See also:calico See also:printing and See also:dyeing; for imparting See also:violet, See also:amber and black See also:colours to glass, pottery and bricks; and in the manufacture of green and violet paints. (L. J.

End of Article: PYROGALLOL, or PYROGALLIC ACID

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PYROMETER (Gr. iri p, fire, µErpov, a measure)