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REDSTART , a See also:bird well known in See also:Great See also:Britain, in many parts of which it is called firetail—a name of almost the same meaning, since " start " is from the Anglo-Saxon steort, a tail. This beautiful bird, Ruticilla phoenicurus, returns to See also:England about the See also:middle or towards the end of See also:April, and at once takes up its See also:abode in gardens, orchards and about old buildings, when its curious See also:habit of flirting at nearly every See also:change of position its brightly-coloured tail, together with the pure See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white forehead, the See also:black See also:throat, and See also:bright See also:bay See also:breast of the See also:cock, renders him conspicuous, even if See also:attention be not See also:drawn by his lively though intermittent See also:song. The See also:hen is much more plainly attired; but the characteristic colouring and See also:action of the tail pertain to her equally as to her See also:mate. The See also:nest is almost always placed in a hole of a See also:- TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
- TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )
tree or See also:building, and contains from five to seven eggs of a delicate greenish See also:blue, occasionally sprinkled with faint red spots. The See also:young on assuming their feathers See also:present a great resemblance to those of the See also:redbreast (q.v.) at the same See also:age; but the red tail, though of duller See also:hue than in the adult, forms even at this See also:early age an easy means of distinguishing them. The redstart breeds regularly in all the counties of England and See also:Wales. It also reaches the extreme See also:north of See also:Scotland; but in See also:Ireland it is very rare. It appears throughout the whole of See also:Europe in summer, and is known to
See also:winter in the interior of See also:Africa. Several very nearly allied forms occur in See also:Asia; and one, R. aurorea, in See also:Japan.
A congeneric See also:species which has received the name of black redstart, Ruticilla titys,l is very See also:common throughout the greater See also:part of the See also:continent of Europe, where, from its partiality for gardens in towns and villages, it is often better known than the preceding species. It yearly occurs in certain parts of England, chiefly along or near the See also:south See also:coast, and curiously enough during the autumn and winter, since it is in central Europe only - a summer visitor, and it has by no means the high See also:northern range of R. phoenicurus. The See also:males of the black redstart seem to be more than one See also:year in acquiring their full plumage (a rare thing in Passerine birds), and since they have been known to breed in the intermediate See also:stage this fact has led to such birds being accounted a distinct species under the name of R. cairii, thereby perplexing ornithologists for a See also:long while, though now
almost all authorities agree that these birds are, in one sense, immature.
More than a dozen species of the genus Ruticilla have been described, and the greater number of them seem to belong to the Himalayan sub-region or its confines. One very See also:pretty and interesting See also:form is the R. moussieri of See also:Barbary, which See also:allies the redstart to the See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone-chats (see See also:WHEATEAR), and of See also:late some authors have included it in that genus. In an opposite direction the bluethroats, apparently nearer to the redstarts than to any other type, are placed in the genus Cyanecula, containing two or three distinguishable forms: (I) C. suecica, with a bright bay spot in the middle of its clear blue throat, breeding in Scandinavia, Northern See also:Russia and See also:Siberia, and wintering in See also:Abyssinia and See also:India, though rarely appearing in the intermediate countries, to the wonder of all who have studied the See also:migration
i The See also:orthography of the specific See also:term would seem to be titis (See also:Ann. Nat. See also:History, See also:ser. ¢, X. p. 227), a word possibly cognate with the first syllable of titlark and See also:titmouse.
of birds; (2) C. leucocyanea, with a white instead of a red gular spot, a more Western form, ranging from Barbary to See also:Germany and See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland; (3) C. wolfs, with its throat wholly blue—a form of comparatively rare occurrence. The first of these is a not infrequent, though very irregular, visitant to England, while the second has appeared there but seldom, and the third never, so far as is known. The redstarts with their allies mentioned in this See also:article belong to the subfamily Turdinae of the thrushes (q.v.).
In See also:America the name redstart has been bestowed upon a bird which has some curious outward resemblance, both in looks and See also:manners, to that of the Old See also:Country, though the two are in the See also:opinion of some systematists nearly as widely separated from each other as truly Passerine birds well can be. The See also:American redstart is Setophaga ruticilla, belonging to the purely New-See also:World See also:family Mniotiltidae, and to a genus which contains about a dozen species, .cnging from See also:Canada (in summer) to See also:Bolivia. (A.
End of Article: REDSTART
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