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England are beset with redbreasts, not in flocks, but each individual keeping its own distance from the next 3—all, how-ever, on their way to See also:

CROSS

cross the Channel. On the See also:

EUROPEAN

European See also:

CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent the See also:

MIGRATION

migration is still more marked, and the redbreast on its autumnal and vernal passages is the See also:

OBJECT

object of See also:

BIRD

bird-catchers, since its value as a delicacy has See also:

long been recognized. Even those redbreasts which stay in See also:

BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain during the winter are subject to a migratory See also:

MOVEMENT

movement. The first See also:

sharp See also:

frost makes them See also:

CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change their habitation, and a heavy fall of See also:

SNOW (in O. Eng. sndw; a common Indo-European word; cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Schnee, Du. sneeuw; in Slavonic snieg', Lith. snegas; Gr. vi4a, Lat. nix, nivis, whence the Romanic forms, Ital. neve, Fr. neige, &c.; Ir. and Gael. sneachd; the original

snow drives them towards the homesteads for See also:

food. The redbreast exhibits a curious uncertainty of temperament in regard to its nesting habits. At times it will See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place the utmost confidence in man, and at times show the greatest See also:

JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy. The See also:

NEST

nest is usually built of See also:

MOSS

moss and dead leaves, with a moderate lining of See also:

HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair. In this are laid from five to seven See also:

white eggs, sprinkled or blotched with See also:

LIGHT

light red. Besides the See also:

BRITISH

British Islands, the redbreast (Motacilla rubecula of See also:

LINNAEUS

Linnaeus and the Erithacus rubecula of See also:

MODERN

modern authors) is generally dispersed over the continent of See also:

EUROPE

Europe, and is in winter found in the oases of the See also:

SAHARA

Sahara. Its eastern limits are not well determined. In See also:

NORTHERN

northern See also:

PERSIA

Persia it is replaced by a nearly allied See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form, Erithacus See also:

HYRCANUS ('Tp,av6s)

hyrcanus, distinguishable by its ' The See also:

borough of Red See also:

BANK

Bank should be distinguished from a place of the same name in See also:

Gloucester See also:

COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, New See also:

Jersey, about 6 m. below See also:

Camden, on the See also:

DELAWARE

Delaware See also:

RIVER

river, nearly opposite the mouth of the Schuylkill river, which was the site of Fort See also:

MERCER (through Fr. mercier, from popular Lat. mercerius, a dealer, merx, merces, merchandise)

Mercer in the See also:

AMERICAN

American See also:

War of See also:

Independence.

Fort Mercer, with Fort See also:

MIFFLIN, THOMAS (1744–1800)

Mifflin (nearly opposite it on an See also:

ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island in the Delaware), prevented the co-operation of the British See also:

NAVY

navy with the See also:

army which had occupied See also:

PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia in See also:

SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September. On the 22nd of See also:

OCTOBER

October Fort Mercer, held by 600 men under See also:

Col. See also:

CHRISTOPHER, SAINT (Christophorus, Christoferus)

Christopher See also:

Greene (1737–1781), was unsuccessfully attacked by a force of about 2500 men, mostly Hessians, under Col. Carl Emil Kurt von Donop, the Hessians losing about; 400 men, including Donop, who was mortally wounded. The British See also:

NAVAL

naval force was prevented by the " See also:

Pennsylvania navy " under See also:

John Hazelwood (c. 1726–1800) from taking See also:

PART

part in the attack; two British See also:

SHIPS

ships were destroyed; and the See also:

FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire from the American vessels added to the discomfiture of the Hessians. On the 15th of See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November Fort Mifflin was destroyed after a five days' See also:

BOMBARDMENT

bombardment from batteries on the Pennsylvania See also:

SHORE

shore and from British vessels in the See also:

REAR

rear; and on the loth Fort Mercer was abandoned before See also:

Cornwallis's approach and was destroyed by the British. Philadelphia was then put in See also:

TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch with See also:

ADMIRAL

Admiral See also:

Howe's See also:

FLEET

fleet and with New See also:

York See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

City. Near Red Bank a See also:

MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument to Christopher Greene was erected in 1829. 2 English colonists in distant lands have applied the See also:

COMMON

common See also:

NICKNAME

nickname of the redbreast to other birds that are not immediately allied to it. The See also:

ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary " robin " of See also:

North See also:

AMERICA

America is a See also:

THRUSH (A. S. Prysce, Icel. priistr, Norw. Trast, O. H. Ger. Drosce, whence the mod. Ger. prossel, to be compared with the analogous English form Throstle,l now almost obsolete, both being apparently diminutives)

thrush, Turdus migratorius (see See also:

FIELDFARE (O.E. fealo for=fallow-farer)

FIELDFARE), and one of the bluebirds of the same continent, Sialia sialis, is in ordinary speech the See also:

BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue " robin "; the Australian and Pacific " See also:

ROBINS, BENJAMIN (1707–1751)

robins " of the genus Potroeca are of doubtful See also:

affinity and have not all even the red See also:

BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast; the Cape " robin " is Cossophya caffra, the See also:

INDIAN

Indian " robin " Thamnobia and the New See also:

ZEALAND (also SEALAND Or SEELAND; Danish Sjaelland)

Zealand " robin " Miro. 3 It is a very old saying that Unum arbustum non alit duos erithacos—One See also:

BUSH

bush does not See also:

HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour two redbreasts.

more ruddy hues, while in northern See also:

CHINA

China and See also:

JAPAN

Japan another See also:

SPECIES

species, E. akahige, is found of which the sexes differ somewhat in plumage—the See also:

COCK, EDWARD (1805-1892)

cock having a blackish See also:

BAND

band below his red breast and greyish-See also:

black flanks, while the See also:

hen closely resembles the See also:

FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar British species—but both cock and hen have the tail of See also:

CHESTNUT (nux Castanea)

chestnut-red. The genus Erithacus, as well as that containing the other birds to which the name " robin " has been applied, with the doubtful exception of Petroeca, belong to the sub-See also:

FAMILY

family Turdinae of the thrushes (q.v.).

End of Article: REDBREAST

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