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SARD

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 209 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SARD , a reddish-See also:

brown See also:chalcedony much used by the ancients as a See also:gem-See also:stone. See also:Pliny states that it was named from See also:Sardis, in See also:Lydia, where it was first discovered; but probably the name came with the stone from See also:Persia (Pers. sered, yellowish-red). Sard was used for See also:Assyrian See also:cylinder-See also:seals, See also:Egyptian and Phoenician scarabs, and See also:early See also:Greek and See also:Etruscan gems. The See also:Hebrew odem (translated sardius), the first stone in the High See also:Priest's breastplate, was a red stone—probably sard, but perhaps See also:carnelian or red See also:jasper (see J. See also:Taylor, " Sardius," in See also:Hastings's See also:Diet. Bibl.). Some kinds of sard closely resemble carnelian, but are usually rather harder and tougher, with a duller and more hackly fracture. Mineralogically the two stones pass into each other, and indeed they have often been regarded as identical, both being chalcedonic See also:quartz coloured with See also:oxide of See also:iron. The range of See also:colours in sard is very See also:great, some stones being See also:orange-red, or hyacinthine, and others even See also:golden, whilst some See also:present so dark a brown See also:colour as to appear almost See also:black by reflected See also:light. The hyacinthine sard, resembling certain garnets, was the most valued variety among the ancients for cameos and intaglios.

End of Article: SARD

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