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SCHOLEFIELD, JAMES (1789-1853)

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 356 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SCHOLEFIELD, See also:JAMES (1789-1853) , See also:English classical See also:scholar, was See also:born at See also:Henley-on-See also:Thames on the 15th of See also:November 1789. He was educated at See also:Christ's See also:Hospital and Trinity See also:College, See also:Cambridge, and was in 1825 appointed See also:professor of See also:Greek in the university and See also:canon of See also:Ely (1849). He was for some See also:time See also:curate to See also:Charles See also:Simeon, the evangelical churchman, and his See also:low See also:church views involved him in disputes with his own parishioners at St See also:Michael's, Cambridge, of which he was perpetual curate from 1823 till his See also:death at See also:Hastings on the 4th of See also:April 18J3. Scholefield was an excellent teacher. His most useful See also:work was his edition of the Adversaria of P. P. See also:Dobree (q.v.), his predecessor in the See also:chair of Greek. He also published See also:editions of See also:Aeschylus (1828), in which he dealt very conservatively with the See also:text, and of See also:Porson's four plays of See also:Euripides. His Hints for an improved See also:Translation of the New Testament met with considerable success. He was one of the examiners in the first Classical Tripos (1824). The Scholefield Theological See also:Prize at Cambridge was established in See also:commemoration of him in 1856. See See also:Memoirs of James Scholefield (1855), by his wife, Harriet Scholefield; See also:Gentleman's See also:Magazine (See also:June 1853, p.

644). SCHOLIUM' (oxbXeov), the name given to grammatical, See also:

critical and explanatory notes, extracted from existing commentaries and inserted on the margin of the MS. of an See also:ancient author. These notes were altered by successive copyists and owners of the MS. and in some cases increased to such an extent that there was no longer See also:room for them in the margin, and it became necessary to make them into a See also:separate work. At first they were taken from one commentary only, subsequently from several. This is indicated by the repetition of the lemma (" catchword "), or by the use of such phrases as " or thus," " or otherwise," " according to some," to introduce different explanations. The name of " the first scholiast " has been given to See also:Didymus of See also:Alexandria (q.v.), and the practice of compiling scholia continued till the 15th or 16th See also:century A.D. The word oxoXtov itself is first met with in See also:Cicero (Ad Att. xvi. 7). The Greek scholia we possess are for the most See also:part See also:anonymous, the commentaries of See also:Eustathius on See also:Homer and See also:Tzetzes on See also:Lycophron being prominent exceptions. Although frequently trifling, they contain much See also:information not found elsewhere, and are of considerable value for the correction and See also:interpretation of the text. The most important are those on Homer (especially the Venetian scholia on the Iliad, discovered by See also:Villoison in 1781 in the library of St See also:Mark), See also:Hesiod, See also:Pindar, See also:Sophocles, See also:Aristophanes and See also:Apollonius Rhodius; and, in Latin, those of Servius on See also:Virgil, of See also:Acro and See also:Porphyrio on See also:Horace, and of See also:Donatus on See also:Terence. See E.

F. Grafenhan, Geschichte der classischen Philologie, iii. (1843–1850) ; W. H. Suringar, Historia critica scholiastarum Latinorum (1835).

End of Article: SCHOLEFIELD, JAMES (1789-1853)

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