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rest of the government is drained by the Vyatka and its numerous tributaries. Both the Kama and the Vyatka are navigable, as also are several tributaries; the Izh and Votka, which flow into the Vyatka, have important ironworks on their banks. The only railway is one from Perm to See also:

Archangel, through the See also:

TOWN

town of Vyatka; the government is traversed by the See also:

GREAT

great See also:

HIGHWAY

highway to See also:

SIBERIA

Siberia, and by two other roads by which goods from the See also:

south are transported to loading-places on the Vychegda and the Yug to be shipped to Archangel. Lakes are numerous, and vast marshes exist everywhere, especially in the See also:

north. The See also:

CLIMATE

climate is very severe, the See also:

AVERAGE

average yearly temperature being 36° F. at Vyatka (See also:

JANUARY

January, 8.2°; See also:

JULY

July, 67.0°) and 35° at Slobodsk (January, 3.5 July, 65.3°) The estimated pop. in 1906 was 3,532,600. The bulk ofthe inhabitants (78 %) are Russians; Votyaks make 12.2 %, See also:

CHEREMISSES, or TCHEREMISSES

Cheremisses 5 %, and See also:

TATARS (the common form Tartars is less correct)

Tatars 34 %, the See also:

REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder being See also:

BASHKIRS

Bashkirs, Teptyars and Permyaks. The Votyaks (Otyaks), a Finnish tribe, See also:

CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call themselves Ot, Ut or Ud, and the Tatars call them Ar, so that they may possibly be akin to the Ars of the See also:

YENISEI

Yenisei. They are See also:

MIDDLE

middle-sized, with See also:

FAIR

fair See also:

HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair and eyes, often red-haired; and the See also:

general structure of the See also:

FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face and See also:

SKULL

skull is Finnish. By their See also:

DIALECT (from Gr. Sia stcror, conversation, manner of speaking, &aXeyec6at, to converse)

dialect they belong to the same See also:

BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch as the Permyaks.

The government is divided into eleven districts, the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief towns of which are Vyatka, See also:

ELABUGA

Elabuga, Glazov, Kotelnich, Malmyzh, Nolinsk, See also:

ORLOV

Orlov, See also:

SARAPUL

Sarapul, Slobodsk, Urzhum and Yaransk. See also:

IZHEVSK

Izhevsk and See also:

VOTKINSK

Votkinsk, or Kamsko-Votkinsk, have important ironworks. Some 55 % of the surface is covered with forests, two-thirds of which belong to the See also:

CROWN

crown, and See also:

HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, Gothic hinpan, to capture, O.H.G. hunda,booty)

hunting (especially See also:

squirrel-hunting) and fishing are of commercial importance. The peasants, who See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form 89% of the See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population, own 44% of the whole government, the crown 53 % and private persons 2 %. The See also:

SOIL

soil is fertile, especially in the valleys of the south. Vyatka is one of the chief See also:

GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain-producing governments of Russia. The See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal crops are See also:

rye, See also:

wheat, oats, See also:

BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley and potatoes. See also:

FLAX

Flax and See also:

HEMP (in O. Eng. henep, cf. Dutch hennep, Ger. Hanf , cognate with Gr. Kavval3er, Lat. cannabis)

hemp are extensively cultivated, and large See also:

numbers of See also:

CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle are kept, but they are mostly of inferior breed. The government has a See also:

RACE

race of See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good ponies that are widely exported. Domestic See also:

INDUSTRIES

industries occupy large numbers of the inhabitants. The principal manufacturing establishments are tanneries, distilleries, ironworks, chemical See also:

WORKS

works, See also:

glass factories, See also:

cotton and See also:

steam See also:

FLOUR

flour-See also:

mills, and hardware, machinery, See also:

paper and See also:

FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur-dressing works. (P.

A. K.; J. T.

End of Article: VYATKA, or VIATICA

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