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area of 207,076 sq. M. The territory is chiefly drained by the Yukon river and its tributaries, though at the S.E. corner the headwaters of the Liard river, flowing into the Mackenzie, occupy a See also:

PART

part of its area. The margins of the territory are mountainous, including part of the St See also:

ELIAS, JOHN (1774-1841)

Elias See also:

William Healey Dail (1845— ), See also:

AMERICAN

American naturalist, was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

Boston, See also:

MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, served with the See also:

UNITED

United States See also:

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

Coast Survey of Alaska from 1871 to 1884, became honorary See also:

CURATOR (Lat. for " one who takes care," curare, to take care of)

curator of the United States See also:

NATIONAL

National Museum in 188o,and in 1893 was appointed See also:

PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of invertebrate palaeontology at the See also:

Wagner See also:

INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute of See also:

SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

Science, See also:

PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia. He was palaeontologist to the United States See also:

GEOLOGICAL

Geological Survey in 1884–1909. The See also:

white See also:

mountain See also:

sheep, or Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli), discovered in 1884, was named in his See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour. range with the highest mountains in Canada at the S.W. corner (See also:

MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount See also:

Logan and Mount St Elias), and the N. See also:

EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of the Rocky Mountains along the S. and N.E. sides; here, however, not very lofty. The interior of the territory is high toward the S.E. and sinks toward the N.W., and may be described.as a much-dissected peneplain with See also:

low mountains to the S. The most important feature of the See also:

HYDROGRAPHY (.Gr. 6&,p, water, and cypfidiecv, to write)

hydrography is the Yukon (q.v.) and the See also:

rivers which flow into it. The See also:

KLONDIKE

Klondike See also:

gold mines are reached by river boats, either coming up from St See also:

Michael at its mouth, or down 46o m. from White See also:

HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

Horse. The White Horse route is now used almost entirely, since the White Pass railway, 111 m. See also:

long, was constructed from See also:

SKAGWAY (a native name said to mean " home of the north wind ")

Skagway, on See also:

LYNN

Lynn See also:

Canal, an inlet of the Pacific.

As the voyage up the Pacific coast from See also:

Vancouver or See also:

Victoria is almost entirely through sheltered See also:

WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters, the See also:

JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey to the Klondike is very attractive in summer. Comparatively little See also:

SNOW (in O. Eng. sndw; a common Indo-European word; cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Schnee, Du. sneeuw; in Slavonic snieg', Lith. snegas; Gr. vi4a, Lat. nix, nivis, whence the Romanic forms, Ital. neve, Fr. neige, &c.; Ir. and Gael. sneachd; the original

snow is seen in See also:

CROSSING

crossing White Pass during summer, though there are patches on the low mountains on each See also:

side. The Rocky Mountains, N.E. of the interior 'See also:

plateau, are somewhat snowy, but apparently with no large glaciers; but the St Elias range to the S.W. is buried under immense snowfields, from which See also:

GREAT

great glaciers project into the valleys. The rocks are largely See also:

ancient See also:

SCHISTS (Gr. vxq'ecv, to split)

schists and eruptives, Palaeozoic or Archean, but considerable areas are covered with Mesozoic and See also:

TERTIARY

Tertiary rocks, some of which include important seams of See also:

LIGNITE (Lat. lignum, wood)

lignite or See also:

COAL

coal, the latter especially in the neighbourhood of White Horse. There have been comparatively See also:

RECENT

recent volcanic eruptions in the region, as shown by a layer of white ash just beneath the See also:

SOIL

soil for many See also:

MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles along the river, and by a quite perfect See also:

CONE (Gr. Kwvos)

cone with a See also:

CRATER

crater and See also:

LAVA

lava stream; but there are no records of volcanic outbreaks within the See also:

SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

MODERN

modern See also:

HISTORY

history of the territory. Before the See also:

DISCOVERY

discovery of gold on the See also:

FORTY

Forty Mile and other rivers flowing into the Yukon the region was inhabited only by a few See also:

INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians, but the sensational finds of See also:

rich placers in the Klondike (q.v.) in 1896 brought in a vigorous See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population centred in the mines and at See also:

Dawson See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

City, which was made the See also:

capital of the newly constituted Yukon Territory. When the White Pass railway was built, White Horse at its N. See also:

TERMINUS

terminus became of importance, and since then a fluctuating See also:

BODY

body of prospectors and miners has been at See also:

WORK

work, not only in the Klondike but at various points along the other rivers. The territory is ruled by a See also:

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor and See also:

COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council, partly elective, seated at Dawson, and has a representative in the See also:

PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament of the Dominion. Almost the only economic product of the territory was at first gold, but See also:

COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper and other ores later began to attract See also:

ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention in the S. near White Horse. Though so near the Pacific the Yukon territory has a rigorous See also:

CONTINENTAL

continental See also:

CLIMATE

climate with very See also:

COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold winters seven months long, and delightful sunny summers. Owing to the lofty mountains to the W. the amount of See also:

RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain and-snow is rather small, and the See also:

LINE

line of perpetual snow is more than 4000 ft. above See also:

sea-level, so that glaciers are found only on the higher mountains; but the See also:

MOSS

moss-covered ground is often perpetually frozen to a See also:

DEPTH

depth of See also:

LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo or 200 ft. Vegetation is luxuriant along the river valleys, where See also:

FINE

fine forests of spruce and See also:

poplar are found, and the hardier grains and vegetables are cultivated with success.

(A. P.

End of Article: YUKON TERRITORY

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