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BARFURUSH
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BARFURUSH , a See also:town of See also:Persia, in the See also:province of See also:Mazandaran in 36° 32' N., and 52° 42' E., and on the See also:left See also:bank of the See also:river Bawul [Babul], which is here crossed by a See also:bridge of eight See also:arches, about 15 M. distant from the See also:southern See also:shore of the See also:Caspian See also:Sea, where the small town of See also:Meshed i Sar serves as a See also:port. It is the commercial See also:capital of Mazandaran, and 26 m. distant from See also:Sari and 90 M. from See also:Teheran. Pop. about 50,000. Built in a See also:low and swampy See also:country and approached by deep and almost impassable roads, Barfurush would not seem at all favourably situated for the seat of an extensive inland See also:trade; it is, however, peopled entirely by merchants and tradesmen, and is wholly indebted for its See also:present See also:size and importance to its commercial prosperity. The See also:principal articles of its trade are See also:rice and See also:cotton, some See also:sugar See also:cane (nai shakar), See also:flax (Katun) and See also:hemp (Kanab) are also grown. The town is of See also:peculiar structure and aspect, being placed in the midst of a See also:forest of tall trees, by which the buildings are so separated from one another, and so concealed, that, except in the bazars, it has no See also:appearance of a populous town. The streets are broad and neat, though generally unpaved, and kept in See also:good See also:order. No ruins are to be seen as in other See also:Persian towns; the houses are comfortable, in good repair, roofed with tiles and enclosed by substantial walls. There are no public buildings of any importance, and the only places of See also:interest are the bazari, which extend fully a mile in length, and consist of substantially built ranges of shops covered with See also:roofs of See also:wood and tiles, and well stored with commodities. There are about ten commodious caravanserais and a number of colleges (medresseh), the See also:place being as much celebrated for learning as for See also:commerce. On an See also:island in a small See also:lake See also:east of the town is a See also:garden, called Bagh i Shah (garden of the Shah), with ruined palaces and See also:baths. At Meshed i Sar, the port, or roadstead of Barfurush, the steamers of the See also:Caucasus and See also:Mercury See also:Company See also:call weekly, and a brisk See also:shipping trade is carried on between it and other Caspian ports. Barfurush was formerly called Mamatir. The present name is from a See also:settlement called Barfurush-deh, which was added to the old See also:city A.D. 1012. (A. H.-S.) BARGAIN' AND See also:SALE, in See also:English See also:law, a See also:contract whereby See also:property, real or See also:personal, is transferred from one person—called the bargainor—to another—called the bargainee—for a 1 From O. Fr. bargaigne, a word of doubtful origin, appearing in many See also:Romance See also:languages, cf. Ital. bargagno; it is connected with See also:Late See also:Lat. barcaniare, to See also:traffic, possibly derived from See also:barca, a See also:barge. valuable See also:consideration; but the See also:term is more particularly used to describe a mode of See also:conveyance of lands. The disabilities under which a feudal owner very frequently See also:lay gave rise to the practice of conveying See also:land by other methods than that of See also:feoffment with See also:livery of See also:seisin, that is, a handing over of the feudal See also:possession. That of " bargain and sale " was one. Where a See also:man bargained and sold his land to another for pecuniary consideration, which might be merely nominal, and need not necessarily be actually paid, See also:equity held the bargainor to be seised of the land to the use of the bargainee. The See also:Statute of Uses (1535), by converting the bargainee's interest into a legal See also:estate, had an effect contrary to the intention of its framers. It made bargain and sale an easy means of See also:secret or private conveyance, a policy to which the law was opposed. To remedy this defect, a statute (called the Statute of Enrolments) was passed in the same See also:year, which provided that every conveyance by bargain and sale of See also:freehold lands should be enrolled in a See also:court of See also:record or with the custos rotulorum of the See also:county within six months of its date. The Statute of Enrolments applied only to estates of See also:inheritance or for Iife, so that a bargain and sale of an estate for years might be made without enrolment. This in turn was the See also:foundation of another mode of conveyance, namely, See also:lease and See also:release, which took the place of the See also:deed of bargain and sale, so far as regards freehold. Bargain and sale of See also:copyhold estates, which operates at See also:common law, is still a mode of conveyance in See also:England in the See also:case of a sale by executors, where a testator has directed a sale of his estate to be made, instead of devising it to trustees upon See also:trust to sell. See also See also:CONVEYANCING. Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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