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See also:BURIDAN, See also:JEAN [JOANNES BURIDANtrs] (c. 1297—C 1358) , See also:French philosopher, was See also:born at See also:Bethune in See also:Artois. He studied in See also:Paris under See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William of See also:Occam. He was See also:professor of See also:philosophy in the university of Paris, was See also:rector in 1327, and in 1345 was deputed to defend its interests before See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip of See also:Valois and at See also:Rome. He was more than sixty years old in 1358, but the See also:year of his See also:death is not recorded. The tradition that he was forced to flee from See also:France along with other nominalists, and founded the university of See also:Vienna in 1356, is unsupported and in See also:contradiction to the fact that the university was founded by See also:Frederick II. in I.237. An See also:ordinance of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XI., in 1473, directed against the nominalists, prohibited the See also:reading of his See also:works. In philosophy Buridan was a rationalist, and followed Occam in denying all See also:objective reality to universals, which he regarded as See also:mere words. The aim of his See also:logic is represented as having been the devising of rules for the See also:discovery of syllogistic See also:middle terms; this See also:system for aiding slow-witted persons became known as the pons asi'wrum. The parts of logic which he treated with most minuteness are modal propositions and modal syllogisms. In commenting on See also:Aristotle's See also:Ethics he dealt in a very See also:independent manner with the question of See also:free will, his conclusions being remarkably similar to those of See also:John See also:Locke. The only See also:liberty which he admits is a certain See also:power of suspending the deliberative See also:process and determining the direction of the See also:intellect. Otherwise the will is entirely dependent on the view of the mind, the last result of examination. The comparison of the will unable to See also:act between two equally balanced motives to an See also:ass dying of See also:hunger between two equal and equidistant bundles of See also:hay is not found in his works, and may have been invented by his opponents to ridicule his See also:determinism. That he was not the originator of the theory known as " liberty of indifference " (liberum arbitrium indiferentiae) is shown in G. Fonsegrive's Essai sur le libre arbitre, pp. 119, 199 (1887).
His works are :—Summula de dialectica (Paris, 1487) ; Compendium logicae (See also:Venice, 1489) ; Quaestiones in viii. libros physicorum (Paris, 1516) ; In Aristotelis Metaphysica (1518) ; Quaestiones in x. libros ethicorum Aristotelis (Paris, 1489; See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, 1637); Quaestiones in viii. libros politicorum Aristotelis (1500). See K. Prantl's Gesehichte
der Logik, bk. iv. 14-38; St8ckl's Gesehichte der Philosophie See also:des
Mittelalters, ii. 1023-1028; See also:Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopadie, s.v.
(1897).
End of Article: BURIDAN, JEAN [JOANNES BURIDANtrs] (c. 1297—C 1358)
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