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HAY, JOHN (1838–1905)

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 106 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HAY, See also:JOHN (1838–1905) , See also:American statesman and author, was See also:born at See also:Salem, See also:Indiana, on the 8th of See also:October 1838. He graduated from See also:Brown University in 1858, studied See also:law in the See also:office of See also:Abraham See also:Lincoln, was admitted to the See also:bar in See also:Spring-See also:field, See also:Illinois, in 1861, and soon afterwards was selected by See also:President Lincoln as assistant private secretary, in which capacity he served till the president's See also:death, being associated with John See also:George Nicola,/ (1832–1901). Hay was secretary of the U.S. See also:legation at See also:Paris in 1865–1867, at See also:Vienna in 1867–1869 and at See also:Madrid in 186q–1S7o. After his return he was for five years an editorial writer on the New See also:York See also:Tribune; in 1879–1881 he was first assistant secretary of See also:state to W. M. See also:Evarts; and in 18S1 was a delegate to the See also:International Sanitary See also:Conference, which met in See also:Washington, D.C., and of which he was chosen president. Upon the inauguration of President See also:McKinley in 1897 Hay was appointed See also:ambassador to See also:Great See also:Britain, from which See also:post he was transferred in 1898 to that of secretary of state. succeeding W. R. See also:Day, who was sent to Paris as a member of the See also:Peace C_ aference. Ile remained in this office until his death at Newburg, New See also:Hampshire, on the 1st of See also:July 1905. Ile directed the peace negotiations with See also:Spain after the See also:war of 189S, and not only secured American interests in the imbroglio caused by the Boxers in See also:China, but grasped the opportunity to insist on " the administrative entity " of China; influenced the See also:powers to declare publicly for the " open See also:door " in China; challenged See also:Russia as to her intentions in See also:Manchuria, securing a promise to evacuate the See also:country on the 8th of October 19o3; and in 1004 again urged " the administrative entity " of China and took the initiative in inducing Russia and See also:Japan to " localize and limit " the See also:area of hostilities. It was largely due to his tact and goad management, in See also:concert with See also:Lord See also:Pauncefote, the See also:British ambassador, that negotiations for abrogating the See also:Clayton-Bulwer Treaty and for making a new treaty with Great Britain regarding the Isthmian See also:Canal were successfully concluded at the end of See also:tool; subsequently he negotiated See also:treaties with See also:Colombia and with See also:Panama, looking towards the construction by the See also:United States of a trans-isthmian canal.

He also arranged the See also:

settlement of difficulties with See also:Germany over See also:Samoa in See also:December The Welsh name of the See also:town is Y Gelli (" the See also:wood "), or formerly ip full (Y) Gelli ganddryll (literally " the wood all to pieces "), which roughly corresponds to Sepes Inscissa, by which name See also:Walter See also:Map (a native of the See also:district) designates it. Its See also:Norman name, La Haia (from the Fr. haie, cf. See also:English " hedge "), was probably intended as a See also:translation of Gelli. The same word is found in Urishay and Oldhay, both between Hay and the See also:Golden Valley. The town is still locally called the Hay, as it also is by See also:Leland. Even down to Leland's See also:time Hay was surrounded by a " right strong See also:wall," which had three See also:gates and a See also:postern, but the town within the wall has " wonderfully decayed," its ruin being ascribed to See also:Owen See also:Glendower, while to the See also:west of it was a flourishing suburb with the See also:church of St See also:Mary on a precipitous See also:eminence overlooking the See also:river. This was rebuilt in 1834. The old See also:parish church of St John within the walls, used as a school-See also:house in the 17th See also:century, has entirely disappeared. The See also:Baptists, Calvinistic Methodists, Congregationalists and See also:Primitive Methodists have a See also:chapel each. The other public buildings are the See also:market house (1833); a masonic See also:hall, formerly the town hall, its See also:basement still serving as a See also:cheese market; a See also:clock See also:tower (1884); parish hall (1890); and a See also:drill hall. The Wye is here crossed by an See also:iron See also:bridge built in 1864. There are also eighteen almshouses for poor See also:women, built and endowed by See also:Miss Frances Harley in 1832-1836, and See also:Gwyn's almshouses for six aged persons, .founded in 1702 and rebuilt in 1878 Scarcely anything but provisions are sold in the weekly market, the farmers of the district now resorting to the markets of See also:Brecon and See also:Hereford.

There are See also:

good monthly stock fairs and a See also:hiring See also:fair in May. There is See also:rich agricultural See also:land in the district. Hay was reputed to be a See also:borough by See also:prescription, but it never had any municipal institutions. Its See also:manor, like that of See also:Talgarth, consisted of an See also:Englishry and a Welshery, the latter, known as Haya Wallensis, comprising the parish of Llanigon with the See also:hamlet of Glynfach, and in this Welsh tenures and customs prevailed. The manor is specially mentioned in the See also:act of See also:Henry VIII. (1535) as one of those which were then taken to constitute the new See also:county of Brecknock. (D. LL.

End of Article: HAY, JOHN (1838–1905)

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