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CHUNCHO

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 324 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CHUNCHO , a tribe of See also:

South See also:American See also:Indians, living in the forests See also:east of See also:Cuzco, central See also:Peru. They are a fierce and See also:savage See also:people who have preserved their See also:independence. They are said to be akin to their neighbours the Antis. They dwell in communal houses, and live chiefly by See also:hunting. Chuncho has also been used to describe one of three aboriginal See also:stocks of Peru, the others being See also:Quichua and See also:Aymara. CH`UNGK'See also:ING, a See also:city in the See also:province of Szech'uen, See also:China, on the See also:left See also:bank of the Yangtsze, at its point of junction with the Kialing, in 29° 33' N., and 107° 2' E. It is surrounded by a crenelated See also:stone See also:wall, which is 5 M. in circumference and is pierced by nine See also:gates. It is the commercial centre for the See also:trade, not only of Szech'uen, but of all south-western China. The one See also:highway between Szech'uen and the eastern provinces is the Yangtsze See also:river route, as owing to the mountainous nature of the intervening See also:country See also:land transit is almost impracticable. The import trade brought up by large junks from Ich`ang, and consisting of See also:cotton See also:cloth, See also:yarn, metals and See also:foreign manufactures, centres here, and is distributed by a class of smaller vessels up the various See also:rivers of the provinces. Native produce, such as yellow See also:silk, See also:white See also:wax, hides, See also:rhubarb, See also:musk and See also:opium, is here collected and repacked for See also:conveyance to See also:Hankow, See also:Shanghai or other parts of the See also:empire. The city was opened to foreign trade by See also:convention with the See also:British See also:government in 1891, with the proviso, however, that foreign steamers should not be at See also:liberty to trade there until See also:Chinese-owned steamers had succeeded in ascending the river.

This restriction was abolished by the See also:

Japanese treaty of 1895, which declared Ch'ungk'ing open on the same terms as other ports. After that date the problem of See also:steam See also:navigation on the See also:section of the river between Ich`ang and Ch'ungk'ing occupied See also:attention. By 1907 a small steamer had been navigated up the rapids, but it remained a question how far steam navigation could be made a See also:practical success. The trade was carried on by native See also:craft, hauled up against the strength of the current in the worst places by a See also:line of trackers on the bank. The See also:great rise in the river during the summer months, at Ch'ungk'ing ordinarily 70 ft. and occasionally as much as 96 ft., added to the difficulties. The See also:population of Ch'ungk'ing, including the city of Kiangpei on the opposite bank of the Kialing river, is about 300,000. The foreign residents are very few. In 1898 the value of the trade passing through the maritime customs was £2,614,000, and in 1904 £4,214,568, of which imports counted for £2,644,777 and exports for £1,569,791.

End of Article: CHUNCHO

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