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CUZCO , an inland See also:city of See also:southern See also:Peru, See also:capital of an Andean See also:department of the same name, about 36o m. E.S.E. of See also:Lima, in See also:lat. 13° 31' S., See also:long. 73° 03' W. The See also:population, largely composed of See also:Indians and mestizos, was estimated at 30,000 in 1896, but according to the See also:official estimate of 1906, it was then about 25% less. The city stands at the See also:head of a small valley, 11,38o ft. above See also:sea-level, and is nearly enclosed by mountains of considerable See also:elevation. The valley itself is 9 m. in length and extends S.E. to the valley of Vilcamayu. Overlooking the city from the N. is the famous See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill of Sacsahuaman, crowned by ruins of the cyclopean fortress of the Incas and their predecessors, and separated from adjacent heights by the deep ravines of two
streams, called the Huatenay and Rodadero. The See also:principal See also:part of the city lies between these two streams, with its See also:great plaza in the centre. On the W. See also:side of the Huatenay are two more See also:fine squares, called the Cabildo and See also:San Francisco. The houses of the city are built of See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone, their walls commonly showing the massive See also:masonry of the Incas at the bottom, crowned with a See also:light See also:modern superstructure roofed with red tiles. The streets See also:cross each other at right angles and afford fine vistas on every side. The principal public buildings are the See also:cathedral, which is classed among the best in See also:South See also:America, the See also:convent of San Domingo, which partly occupies the site of the great See also:Temple of the See also:Sun of the Incas, the cabildo or See also:government-See also:house, a university founded in 150, a See also:college of See also:science and arts, a public library, See also:hospital, See also:mint and museum of Incarial antiquities. Cuzco was made the see of a bishopric soon after it was occupied by the Spaniards. The See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church has always exercised a dominating See also:influence in this region, and the city has many churches and religious establishments. There are a number of small manufacturing See also:industries in Cuzco, including the manufacture of See also:cotton and woollen fabrics, See also:leather, See also:beer, See also:embroidery and articles of See also:gold and See also:silver. Its See also:trade is not large, however, owing to the See also:costs of transportation. The See also:climate is cool and bracing, and the products of the vicinity include many of the temperate See also:zone. A railway from Juliaca (a station on the See also:line from Mollendo to Puno) to Cuzco was virtu-ally completed See also:early in 1908. This railway gives Cuzco an outlet to the See also:coast, and also See also:direct connexion with La Paz, the Bolivian capital. A See also:branch of the See also:Callao & Oroya railway is also projected southward to Cuzco, and reached Huancayo in 1908. Cuzco was the capital of a remarkable See also:empire ruled by the Incas previous to the See also:discovery of Peru, and it was one of the largest and most civilized of the native cities of the New See also:World. It was captured by See also:Pizarro in 1533, and it is said that its See also:size and the magnificence of its principal edifices filled the Spaniards with surprise. It was for many years an See also:object of contention among the See also:Spanish factions, but ultimately the greater attractions of Lima and its own See also:isolation diminished its importance.
The department of Cuzco is the second largest in Peru, having an See also:area of 156,317 sq. m., and a population, according to a reduced official estimate of 1906, of only 328,980. It occupies an extremely mountainous region on the frontier of See also:Bolivia, E. of the departments of See also:Junin, See also:Ayacucho and See also:Apurimac, and extends from See also:Loreto on the N. to Puno and See also:Arequipa on the S. Its area, however, includes a large See also:district E. of the See also:Andes which is claimed by Bolivia, and the See also:settlement of the dispute may materially diminish its size. The elevation of a large part of the department gives it a temperate climate and permits the cultivation of cereals and other products of the temperate zone. See also:Cattle and See also:sheep are produced in large See also:numbers in some of the provinces, while in others See also:mining forms the See also:chief See also:industry. On the eastern forested slopes and in the See also:lower valleys tropical conditions prevail. The population is chiefly composed of Indians who See also:form a sturdy, docile labouring class, but are in great part strongly disinclined to accept the See also:civilization of the dominant See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white See also:race.
End of Article: CUZCO
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