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winter of 1590-1591. Fischart wrote under various feigned names, such as Mentzer, Menzer, Reznem, Huldrich Elloposkleros, Jesuwalt Pickhart, Winhold Alkofribas Wiistblutus, See also:

ULRICH

Ulrich Mansehr von Treubach, and See also:

IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

Im Fischen Gilt's Mischen; and it is partly owing to this fact that there is doubt whether some of the works attributed to him are really his. More than 50 satirical works, however, both in See also:

PROSE

prose and See also:

VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse, remain See also:

AUTHENTIC (from Gr. aOO 'rns, one who does a thing himself)

authentic, among which are—Nachtrab See also:

ODER (Lat. Viadua; Slavonic, Vjodr)

oder Nebelkrdh (1570), a See also:

SATIRE (Lat. satira, satura; see below)

satire against one See also:

JAKOB, LUDWIG HEINRICH VON (1759—1827)

Jakob Rabe, who had become a convert to the See also:

ROMAN

Roman See also:

CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

Church; Von St Dominici See also:

des Predigermonchs and St Francisci Barfussers artlichem Leben (1571), a poem with the expressive See also:

MOTTO (an Italian word, from Late Lat. muttum, a low sound, a mutter or murmur, cf. mutere, to mutter; the Latin word also gives Fr. mot, word)

motto " Sie haben Nasen vnd riechen's nit " (Ye have noses and See also:

SMELL (connected etymologically with " smoulder " and " smoke ")

smell it not), written to def end the Protestants against certain wicked accusations, one of which was that See also:

LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther held communion with the See also:

DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

devil; Eulenspiegel Reimensweis (written 1571, published 1572); Aller Praktik Grossmutter (1572), after See also:

RABELAIS, FRANCOIS (c. 1490—1553)

Rabelais's Prognostication Pantagrueline; Floh Haz, Weiber Traz (1593), in which he describes a See also:

BATTLE

battle between fleas and See also:

WOMEN

women; Affentheuerliche and ungeheuerliche Geschichtschrift vom Leben, Rhaten and Thaten der . . . Helden and Herren Grandgusier Gargantoa and Pantagruel, also after Rabelais (1J75, and again under the modified See also:

TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title, Naupengeheurliche Geschichtklitterung, 1577); Neue kiinstliche Figuren biblischer Historien (1576); Anmahnung zur christlichen Kinderzucht (1576); Das glilckhafft Schiff von See also:

Zurich (1576, republished 1828, with an introduction by the poet See also:

Ludwig See also:

UHLAND, JOHANN LUDWIG (1787-1862)

Uhland), a poem commemorating the See also:

ADVENTURE (from Lat. res adventura, a thing about to happen)

adventure of a See also:

COMPANY

company of Zurich arquebusiers, who sailed from their native See also:

TOWN

town to Strassburg in one See also:

day, and brought, as a See also:

PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of this feat, a kettleful of Hirsebrei (See also:

millet), which had been cooked in Zurich, still warm into Strassburg, and intended to illustrate the See also:

pro-verb " perseverance overcomes all difficulties "; Podagrammisch Trostbiichlein (1579); Philosophisch Ehzuchtbilchlein (1578); the celebrated Bienenkorb des heiligen romischen Immenschwarms, &c., a modification of the Dutch De roomsche. Byen-Korf, by Philipp Marnix of St Aldegonde, published in 1579 and reprinted in 1847; Der heilig Brotkorb (158o), after See also:

CALVIN, JOHN (1509-1564)

Calvin's Traite des reliques; Das vierhornige Jesuiterhiitlein, a rhymed satire against the See also:

JESUITS

Jesuits (158o); and a number of smaller poems. To Fischart also have been attributed some " Psalmen and geistliche Lieder " which appeared in a Strassburg hymn-See also:

BOOK

book of 1576. Fischart had studied not only the See also:

ancient literatures, but also those of Italy, France, the See also:

NETHERLANDS

Netherlands and England.

He was a lawyer, a theologian, a satirist and the most powerful See also:

PROTESTANT

Protestant publicist .of the See also:

COUNTER

counter-See also:

reformation period; in politics he was a republican. Above all, he is a See also:

MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of See also:

LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language, and was indefatigable with his See also:

PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen. His satire was levelled mercilessly at all perversities in the public and private See also:

LIFE

life of his time—at astrological superstition, scholastic pedantry, ancestral See also:

PRIDE, THOMAS (d. 1658)

pride, but especially at the papal dignity and the lives of the priesthood and the Jesuits. He indulged in the wildest witticisms, the most abandoned See also:

CARICATURE (Ital. caricatura, i.e. "ritratto ridicolo," from caricare, to load, to charge; Fr. charge)

caricature; but all this he did with a serious purpose. As a poet, he is characterized by the eloquence and picturesqueness of his See also:

style and the symbolical language he employed. See also:

THIRTY

Thirty years after Fischart's See also:

DEATH

death his writings, once so popular, were almost entirely forgotten. Recalled to the public See also:

ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention by Johann Jakob See also:

BODMER, JOHANN JAKOB (1698-1783)

Bodmer and Gotthold See also:

EPHRAIM

Ephraim See also:

LESSING, GOTTHOLD EPHRAIM (1729–1781)

Lessing, it is only recently that his works have come to be a subject of investigation, and his position in German literature to be fully understood. Freiherr von Meusebach, whose valuable collection of Fischart's works has passed into the See also:

possession of the royal library in See also:

Berlin, deals in his Fischartstudien (See also:

Halle, 1879) with the See also:

GREAT

great satirist. Fischart's poetical works were published by See also:

Hermann See also:

KURZ, HERMANN (1813—1873)

Kurz in three volumes (See also:

LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1866–1868) ; and selections by K. Goedeke (Leipzig, 1800) and by A. Hauffen in Kurschner's Deutsche Nationallileratur (See also:

STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1893) ; See also:

Die Geschichtklitterung and some See also:

minor writings appeared in Scheible's Kloster, vols. 7 and 10 (Stuttgart, 1847–1848).

Das gluckhafft Schiff has been frequently reprinted, See also:

CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical edition by J. Baechtold (1880). See for further See also:

BIOGRAPHICAL

biographical details, Erich See also:

Schmidt in the Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, vol. 7; A. F. C. Vilmar in See also:

ERSCH, JOHANN SAMUEL (1766–1828)

Ersch and See also:

GRUBER, JOHANN GOTTFRIED (1774-1851)

Gruber's See also:

ENCYCLOPAEDIA

Encyclopaedia; W. Wackernagel, Johann Fischart von Strassburg and See also:

BASE

Base's Anteil an ihm (2nd ed., Basel, 1875) ; P. Besson, Etude sur See also:

JEAN

Jean Fischart (See also:

Paris, 1889) ; and A. Hauffen, Fischart-Studien " (in See also:

EUPHORION

Euphorion, 1896–1909).

End of Article: FISCHART, JOHANN (c. 1545–1591)

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