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See also:JOHN XIL , See also:pope from 955 to 964, was the son of Alberic, whom he succeeded as patrician of See also:Rome in 954, being then only sixteen years of See also:age. His See also:original name was Octavian, but when he assumed the papal See also:tiara as successor to See also:Agapetus II., he adopted the apostolic name of John, the first example, it is said, of the See also:custom of altering the surname in connexion with See also:elevation to the papal See also:chair. As a temporal ruler John was devoid of the vigour and firmness of his See also:father, and his See also:union of the papal See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office—which through his scandalous private See also:life he made a by-word of reproach—with his See also:civil dignities proved a source of weakness rather than of strength. In See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to protect himself against the intrigues in Rome and the See also:power of Berengar II. of See also:Italy, he called to his aid See also:Otto the See also:Great of See also:Germany, to whom he granted the imperial See also:crown in 962. Even before Otto See also:left Rome the pope had, however, repented of his recognition of a power which threatened altogether to overshadow his authority, and had begun to conspire against the new See also:emperor. His intrigues were discovered by Otto, who, after he had defeated and taken prisoner Berengar, returned to Rome and summoned a See also:council which deposed John, who was in hiding in the mountains of See also:Campania, and elected See also:Leo VIII. in his See also:stead. An See also:attempt at an insurrection was made by the inhabitants of Rome even before Otto left the See also:city, and on his departure John returned at the See also:head of a formidable See also:company of See also:friends and retainers, and caused Leo to seek safety in immediate See also:flight. Otto determined to make an effort in support of Leo, but before he reached the city John had died, in what manner is uncertain, and See also:Benedict V. had mounted the papal chair.
End of Article: JOHN XIL
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