|
See also:TIARA (Gr. -papa) , also called regnum, triregnum and See also:corona, the papal See also:crown, a See also:bee-hive shaped, somewhat bulging See also:head-covering, ornamented with three crowns (whence triregnum or "triple crown"). It has no sacral See also:character, being solely the See also:ensign of See also:sovereign See also:power (cf. See also:Innocent III. Serm. vii. in S. Silvest: " See also:Pontifex See also:romanus in signum imperil utitur regno "), and is therefore never worn at liturgical functions, when the See also:pope always wears the See also:mitre. The tiara is first mentioned, under the name of camelaucum, in the Vita of Pope See also:Constantine (d. 715), and next under the name of pileus phrygius or phrygium, or the Constitutum Constantin, the so-called " Donation of Constantine." In the 9th See also:century it appears in the 9th Ordo of See also:Mabillon in connexion with the description of the See also:consecration of the pope. On papal coins it first appears on those of See also:Sergius III. (d. 911) and then on those of See also:Benedict VII. (d. 983). At
gr0gr4ol®oo fi®000009 See also:Drawn by See also:Father See also:Joseph Braun, S.J.
Figure to illustrate the development of the Tiara.
this See also:period it was, according to the Ordo above mentioned, a sort of cap of See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white stuff, and See also:helmet-shaped. Before the 9th century the tiara was certainly without any crown; any such See also:ornament would not have been in keeping with the circumstances of the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, and seems also to be excluded by the terms of the Constitutum Constantini. It is quite uncertain when the crown was first added. It is true that Mabillon's 9th Ordo calls this head-See also:gear regnum, but it appears to know nothing of a crown. The papal coins and a few pictures of the loth and rlth centuries leave it doubtful whether the ornamental See also:band at the See also:lower edge of the tiara is intended to represent a crown or merely a decorative See also:orphrey (aurifrisium). At the beginning of the r2th century, however, the papal tiara was already decorated with a circlet, as the Ordo of Benedict (c. 1140) and statements made by See also:Bruno of Segni and See also:Suger, See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
abbot of St Denys, prove; but it is only in representations of the tiara dating from the See also:late r3th century that the circlet appears as a See also:regular spiked crown. The two pendants at the back of the tiara (caudae, infulae) are like-See also:wise only traceable to this period. The second circlet was added by See also:Boniface VIII., as is proved by three statues executed during his lifetime (one in the Lateran See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church and two in the See also:crypt of St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter's). Perhaps this was due only to the pope's love of display, but possibly the two crowns were intended to symbolize Boniface's views as to the twofold nature of the papal authority. In the See also:inventory of the papal See also:treasury made in 1316 the tiara is described as having three crowns; the third must therefore have been added under Benedict XI. or See also:Clement V. The monumental effigy of Benedict XI. in S. Domenico at See also:Perugia still has a tiara with one circlet in the See also:antique See also:fashion of the 13th century; that of See also:John XXII. showed only two crowns. The earliest monumental effigy of a pope giving an example of a triple-crowned tiara is now, therefore,
that of Benedict XII. (d. 1342), of which the head is preserved in the museum at See also:Avignon, while an effigy of the same pope in the crypt of St Peter's at See also:Rome has a tiara with only two crowns. Since Benedict XII. the triple-crowned tiara has appeared regularly on the monuments of the popes. The crowns are essentially See also:uniform, though the ornament varies (leaves or spikes).
Outside Rome it was still a considerable time before the triple-crowned tiara appeared in representations of the popes, and as late as the 15th century they are sometimes pictured with the single-crowned tiara. The See also:reason for the addition of the third crown is unknown. The symbolism now attached to the triple crown (authority over See also:heaven, See also:earth and See also:hell, or the temporal power and the See also:powers of binding and loosing) is certainly not the See also:original explanation.
Several baseless hypotheses have been advanced as to the origin of the papal tiara. In all See also:probability the camelaucum, the See also:oldest See also:form of the tiara, came into use under the See also:Greek and Syrian popes of the 7th, or the beginning of the 8th century, perhaps even under Pope Constantine himself. The prototype of the camelaucum must undoubtedly be sought at See also:Constantinople in the head-ornament forming See also:part of the See also:Byzantine See also:court See also:costume. (J.
End of Article: TIARA (Gr. -papa)
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!