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Nile, and to proceed to Mecca on a favourable opportunity. Abdullah, who had already had much connexion with slave-hunters, and had fought against the See also:

EGYPTIAN

Egyptian See also:

CONQUEST

conquest of Darfur, departed for the Nile valley with this purpose; See also:

HEARING (formed from the verb " to hear," O. Eng. hyran, heron, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. Koren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Tent. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial h makes any connexion with " ear," Lat. audire, or Gr. &Kobew very doub

hearing on the way of the disputes of Mahommed Ahmed, who had not yet claimed a sacred See also:

CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, with the Egyptian officials, he went to him in spite of See also:

GREAT

great difficulties, See also:

KHAMSIN (Arabic for " fifty ")

KHAMSIN and, according to his own statement, at once recognized in him the mandi (" See also:

GUIDE (in Mid. Eng. gyde, from the Fr. guide; the earlier French form was guie, English " guy," the d was due to the Italian form guida; the ultimate origin is probably Teutonic, the word being connected with the base seen in O. Eng. witan, to know)

guide ") divinely appointed to regenerate See also:

ISLAM

Islam in the latter days. His See also:

ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice to Mahommed to stir up revolt in Darfur and See also:

KORDOFAN

Kordofan being justified by the result, he became his most trusted counsellor, and was soon declared See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal khalifa or vicegerent of the mandi, all of whose acts were to be regarded as the mandi's own. The mandi on his deathbed (1885) solemnly named him his successor; and for thirteen years Abdullah ruled over what had been the Egyptian See also:

SUDAN (Arabic Bilad-es-Sudan, country of the blacks)

Sudan. See also:

KHARTUM

Khartum was deserted by his orders, and See also:

OMDURMAN

Omdurman, at first intended as a temporary See also:

CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp, was made his See also:

capital. At length the progress of See also:

Sir See also:

Herbert (afterwards See also:

Lord) See also:

KITCHENER, HORATIO HERBERT KITCHENER, VISCOUNT (1850- )

Kitchener's expedition compelled him to give See also:

BATTLE

battle to the Anglo-Egyptian forces near Omdurman, where on the 2nd of See also:

SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1898 his See also:

army, fighting with desperate courage, was almost annihilated. The khalifa, who had not See also:

LEFT

left Omdurman since the See also:

DEATH

death of the mandi, fled to Kordofan with the remnant of his See also:

HOST

host. On the 25th of See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1899 he gave battle to a force under See also:

COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel (afterwards See also:

General Sir) F. R. See also:

WINGATE, SIR FRANCIS REGINALD (1861- )

Wingate, and was slain at Om Debreikat.

He met death with great fortitude, refusing to See also:

FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly, and his principal amirs voluntarily perished with him. The khalifa was a See also:

man of See also:

IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron will and great See also:

ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy, and possessed some military skill. By nature tyrannical, he was impatient of all opposition and appeared to delight in See also:

CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

cruelty. It must be remembered, however, that he had to meet the See also:

SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret or open hostility of all the tribes of the Nile valley and that his authority was dependent on his ability to overawe his opponents. He maintained in public the divine character of the See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power he inherited from the mandi and inspired his followers to perform prodigies of valour. Although he treated many of his See also:

EUROPEAN

European captives with terrible severity he never had any of them executed. It is said that their presence in Omdurman ministered to his vanity—one of the most marked features of his character. In private See also:

LIFE

life he showed much See also:

AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection for his family. See also:

PERSONAL

Personal sketches of the khalifa are given in See also:

SLATIN, SIR RUDOLF CARL VON (18J7— )

Slatin See also:

PASHA

Pasha's See also:

FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

Fire and See also:

SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

Sword in the Sudan (See also:

LONDON

London, 1896), and in Father Ohrwalder's Ten Years in the Mandi's Camp (London, 1892). See also Sir F. R. Wingate's Mandiism and the Egyptian Sudan (London, 1891).

End of Article: KHALIFA, THE

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