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NAGYSZEBEN (Ger. Hermannstadt, Rumani...

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 152 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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NAGYSZEBEN (Ger. Hermannstadt, Rumanian Sibiu) , a See also:town of See also:Hungary, in Transylvania, the See also:capital of the See also:county of Szeben, 122 M. S.S.E. of See also:Kolozsvar by See also:rail. Pop. (r9oo) 26,077, of whom 16,141 were See also:Saxons (Germans), 7106 Rumanians, and 5747 See also:Magyars. It is beautifully situated at an See also:altitude of 1411 ft. in the fertile valley of the Cibin (Hungarian, Szeben), encircled or, all sides by the Transylvanian See also:Alps. It is the seat of a See also:Greek Orthodox (Rumanian) See also:archbishop, and of the See also:superintendent of the Protestants for the Transylvanian circle. Some parts of Nagyszeben have a See also:medieval See also:appearance, with houses built in the old See also:German See also:style. The most noteworthy of its public buildings is the handsome See also:Protestant See also:Church, begun in the 14th See also:century and finished in 1520, in the See also:Gothic style, containing a beautiful See also:cup-shaped See also:font, See also:cast by Meister Leonhardus in 1438, and a large mural See also:painting of the Crucifixion by Johannes von Rosenau (1445). In the so-called New Church, comprising the See also:west See also:part of the whole See also:building, which is an addition of the 16th century, are many beautiful memorials of Saxon notables. Other buildings are: the See also:Roman See also:Catholic See also:parish church, founded in 1726; the church of the Ursuline nuns, built in 1474; the town See also:hall, an imposing building of the 15th century, See also:purchased by the See also:municipality in 1545 and containing the archives of the " Saxon nation." The Brukenthal See also:palace, built in 1777-1787 by See also:Baron See also:Samuel von Brukenthal (1721-1803), See also:governor of Transylvania, contains an interesting picture-See also:gallery with See also:good examples of the Dutch school, and a library. The museum contains a natural See also:history See also:section with the See also:complete See also:fauna and See also:flora of Transylvania, and a See also:rich ethnographical section.

Nagyszeben has a See also:

law See also:academy, a See also:seminary for Greek Orthodox priests, a military academy and several secondary See also:schools. There are manufactures of See also:cloth, See also:linen, See also:leather, caps, boots, See also:soap, candles, See also:ropes, as well as breweries and distilleries. The German name of the town is traceable to See also:Hermann, a See also:citizen of See also:Nuremberg, who about the See also:middle of the 12th century established a See also:colony on the spot. In the 13th century it See also:bore the name of See also:Villa Hermanni. Under the last monarchs of the native Magyar See also:dynasty Hermannstadt enjoyed exceptional privileges, and its See also:commerce with the See also:East See also:rose to importance. In the course of the 15th and 16th centuries it was several times besieged by the See also:Turks. At the beginning of 1849 it was the See also:scene of several engagements between the Austrians and Hungarians; and later in the See also:year it was several times taken and retaken by the Russians and Hungarians.

End of Article: NAGYSZEBEN (Ger. Hermannstadt, Rumanian Sibiu)

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