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PETER IV

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 292 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PETER IV ., See also:king of See also:Aragon (d. 1387), son of See also:Alphonso IV. and his wife Teresa d'Enteca, is known as " The Ceremonious" and also as " he of the See also:dagger." He acquired the first See also:title by the rigid See also:etiquette he enforced, as one means of checking the excessive freedom of his nobles. The second name was given him because he wounded himself with his dagger in the See also:act of cutting to pieces the so-called " See also:charter of the See also:Union," which authorised the rebellions of his nobles, and which he forced them to give up, after he had routed them at the See also:battle of Epila in 1348. Of no See also:man of the 14th See also:century can it be more truly said that his See also:life was a warfare on See also:earth. He had first to subdue his nobles, and to reannex the Balearic Islands to the See also:crown of Aragon. When he had made himself See also:master at See also:home, he had to carry on a See also:long and fierce contest with his namesake Peter the Cruel of See also:Castile, which only terminated when See also:Henry of Trastamara succeeded, largely with Aragonese help, in making himself king of Castile in 1369. Peter succeeded in making himself master of See also:Sicily in 1377, but ceded the actual See also:possession of the See also:island to his son See also:Martin. He was three times married: to See also:Mary, daughter of See also:Philip of See also:Evreux, king of See also:Navarre; to Eleanor, daughter of Alphonso IV. of See also:Portugal; and to Eleanor, daughter of Peter II. of Sicily, his See also:cousin. The See also:marriage of his daughter by his third marriage, Eleanor, with See also:John I. of Castile, carried the crown of Aragon to the Castilian See also:line when his male representatives became See also:extinct on the See also:death of his son Martin in 1410. See Zurita, Anales de Aragon (See also:Saragossa, 161o).

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