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SARDICA, COUNCIL OF
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See also:SARDICA, See also:COUNCIL OF , an ecclesiastical council convened in 343 by the emperors See also:Constantius and See also:Constans, to See also:attempt a See also:settlement of the Arian controversies, which were then at their height. Of the See also:hundred and seventy bishops assembled, about ninety were Homousians—principally from the See also:West—while on the other See also:side were eighty Eusebians from the See also:East. The anticipated agreement, however, was not attained; and the result of the council was simply to embitter the relations between the two See also:great religious parties, and those between the Western and Eastern halves of the See also:Empire. For as See also:Athanasius and See also:Marcellus of See also:Ancyra appeared on the See also:scene, and the Western bishops declined to exclude them, the Eusebian bishops of the East absolutely refused to discuss, and contented themselves with formulating a written protest addressed to numerous See also:foreign prelates. That they instituted a See also:rival See also:congress of their own in See also:Philippopolis is improbable. The bishops, however, who remained in Sardica (mod. .See also:Sofia in See also:Bulgaria) formed themselves into a See also:synod, and naturally declared in favour of Athanasius and Marcellus, while at the same See also:time they anathematized the leaders of the Eusebian party. The proposal to draw up a new creed was rejected. Especial importance attaches to this council through the fact that Canons 3-5 invest the See also:Roman See also:bishop with a See also:prerogative which became of great See also:historical importance, as the first legal recognition of his See also:jurisdiction over other See also:sees and the basis for the further development of his primacy. " In See also:order to See also:honour the memory of St See also:Peter," it was enacted that any bishop, if deposed by his provincial synod, should be entitled to See also:appeal to the bishop of See also:Rome, who was then at See also:liberty either to confirm the first decision or to order a new investigation. In the latter See also:case, the tribunal was to consist of bishops from the neighbouring provinces, assisted—if he so See also:chose—by legates of the Roman bishop. The clauses thus made the bishop of Rome See also:president of a revisionary See also:court; and afterwards See also:Zosimus unsuccessfully attempted to employ these canons of Sardica, as decisions of the council of See also:Nice, against the Africans. In the See also:middle ages they were cited to justify the claim of the papacy to be the supreme court of appeal. Attacks on their authenticity have been conclusively repelled. The canons are printed in C. Mirbt, Quellen See also:sue Geschichte See also:des Papsttums (See also:Tubingen, 1901), p. 46 f.; See also:Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, ed. 2, i. 533 sqq. See also, J. See also:Friedrich, See also:Die Unechtheit der Canones von Sardika (See also:Vienna, 1902) ; on the other side F. X. Funk, " Die Echtheit der Canones von Sardica," Historisches Jahrbuch der Gorresgesellschaft, See also:xxiii. (1902), pp. 497-516; ibid, See also:xxvi. (1905), pp. 1-18, 255-274; C. H. See also:Turner, " The Genuineness of the Sardican Canons," The See also:Journal of Theological Studies, iii. (See also:London, 1902), PP. 370-397. (C. Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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