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TRUMPET, SPEAKING AND HEARING

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Originally appearing in Volume V27, Page 328 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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TRUMPET, SPEAKING AND See also:
HEARING (formed from the verb " to hear," O. Eng. hyran, heron, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. Koren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Tent. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial h makes any connexion with " ear," Lat. audire, or Gr. &Kobew very doub
HEARING . The speaking trumpet, though some See also:

INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument of the See also:

KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind appears to have been in earlier use, is connected in its See also:

MODERN

modern See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form with the name of See also:

ATHANASIUS (293-373)

Athanasius See also:

KIRCHER, ATHANASIUS (r6oi-168o)

Kircher and that of See also:

Sir See also:

SAMUEL

Samuel See also:

MORLAND, GEORGE (1763-1804)

Morland, who in 167o proposed to the Royal Society of See also:

LONDON

London the question of 6 See also:

Robert Eitner made a curious confusion between the keyed and See also:

VALVE (Lat. valva, a leaf of a double or folding door, allied to volvere, to roll, as of a door on its hinges)

valve trumpets (Klappen-und Ventil-Trompete). In an See also:

ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article entitled Wer See also:

hat See also:

die Ventil-Trompete erfunden? (Monatshefte See also:

FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur Musikwissenschaft, p. 41, See also:

Berlin, 1881) he deprives Stolzel of the See also:

CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit of the invention of the valve in favour of Weidinger, ridiculing the notion that the keyed and the valve trumpets were not one and the same thing. Following up the See also:

IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea in his Tonkiinstler Lexikon, he leaves out Stolzel's name and ascribes to Weidinger the invention of the valve, with a reference to his article. For this ingenious mechanism, see VALVE; also Gottfried See also:

Weber, Uber Ventilhorn and Trompete mit 3 Ventilen, See also:

Caecilia xvii. 73–104 (See also:

MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz, 1835) ; and Allg. musikal. Ztg. See also:

XXIII

xxiii. 411 (See also:

LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1821); also A. Ung, " Verbesserung der Trompete and ahnlicher Instrumente," ibid. (1815), xviii.

633. For accounts of the See also:

early use of the trumpet as a signalling and See also:

CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry instrument in the See also:

BRITISH

British See also:

army, see Sir See also:

Roger See also:

Williams, A Brief Discourse of See also:

War, p. 9, &e. (London, 1590) ; See also:

GROSE, FRANCIS (c. 1730–1791)

Grose, Military Antiquities, ii. 41; Sir S. D. See also:

Scott, The British Army, ii. 389–400 (London, 1868) ; and H. G. See also:

FARMER, RICHARD (1735–1787)

Farmer, See also:

MEMOIRS

Memoirs of the Royal See also:

ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

Artillery See also:

BAND

Band (London, 1904). the best form for a speaking trumpet. See also:

Lambert, in the Berlin Memoirs for 1763, seems to have been the first to give a theory of the See also:

ACTION

action of this instrument, based on an altogether imaginary See also:

ANALOGY (Gr. avaXo-yLa, proportion)

analogy with the behaviour of See also:

LIGHT

light.

In this theory, which is still commonly put forvlard, it is assumed that See also:

sound, like light, can be propagated in rays. This, however, is possible only when the See also:

APERTURE (from Lat. aperire, to open)

aperture through which the See also:

WAVE

wave-disturbance passes into See also:

FREE

free See also:

air is large compared with the wave-length. If the fusiform mouth of the speaking trumpet were See also:

HALF

half a mile or so in See also:

RADIUS

radius, Lambert's theory might give an approximation to the truth; But with trumpets whose aperture is only a See also:

FOOT

foot in See also:

DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter at the most the problem is one of diffraction. In the hearing trumpet, the disturbance is propagated along the converging See also:

TUBE (Lat. tuba)

tube much in the same way as the See also:

TIDE (O. Eng. lid, cf. Ger. Zeit, time or season, connected with root of Sanskrit a-diti, endless)

tide-wave is propagated up the See also:

ESTUARY (from the Lat. aestuarium, a place reached by aestus, the tide)

estuary of a tidal See also:

RIVER

river. In speaking and hearing trumpets alike all reverberation of the instrument should be avoided by making it thick and of the least elastic materials, and by covering it externally with See also:

CLOTH

cloth.

End of Article: TRUMPET, SPEAKING AND HEARING

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