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See also:BAMBERGER, See also:LUDWIG (1823-1899) , See also:German economist and politician, was See also:born of Jewish parents on the 22nd of See also:July 1823 at See also:Mainz. After studying at See also:Giessen, See also:Heidelberg and See also:Gottingen, he entered on the practice of the See also:law. When the revolution of 1848 See also:broke out he took an active See also:part as one of the Ieaders of the republican party in his native See also:city, both as popular orator and as editor of one of the See also:local papers. In 1849 he took part in the republican rising in the See also:Palatinate and See also:Baden; on the restoration of See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order he was condemned to See also:death, but he had escaped to See also:Switzerland. The next years he spent in See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile, at first in See also:London, then in See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland; in 1852 he went to See also:Paris, where, by means of private connexions, he received an See also:appointment in the See also:bank of Bischoffheim & See also:Goldschmidt, of which he became managing director, a See also:post which he held till 1866. During these years he saved a competence and gained a thorough acquaintance with the theory and practice of See also:finance. This he put to See also:account when the See also:amnesty of 1866 enabled him to return to See also:Germany. He was elected a member of the Reichstag, where he joined the See also:National Liberal party, for like many other exiles he was willing to accept the results of See also:Bismarck's See also:work. In 1868 he published a See also:short See also:life of Bismarck in See also:French, with the See also:object of producing a better understanding of German affairs, and in 1870, owing to his intimate acquaintance with See also:France and with finance, he was summoned by Bismarck to See also:Versailles to help in the discussion of terms of See also:peace. In the German Reichstag he was the leading authority on matters of finance and See also:economics, as well as a clear and persuasive See also:speaker, and it was chiefly owing to him that a See also:gold currency was adopted and that the German Imperial Bank took its See also:present See also:form; in his later years he wrote and spoke strongly against See also:bimetallism. He was the See also:leader of the See also:free traders, and after 1878 refused to follow Bismarck in his new policy of See also:protection, See also:state See also:socialism and colonial development; in a celebrated speech he declared that the See also:day on which it was introduced was a See also:dies nefaslus for Germany. True to his free See also:trade principles he and a number of followers See also:left the National Liberal party and formed the so-called " See also:Secession " in 1880. Hewas one of the few prominent politicians who consistently maintained the struggle against state socialism on the one See also:hand and democratic socialism on the other. In 1892 be retired from See also:political life and died in 1899. Bamberger was a clear and attractive writer and was a frequent contributor on political and economic questions to the Nation and other See also:periodicals. His most important See also:works are those on the currency, on the French See also:war-See also:indemnity, his See also:criticism of socialism and his See also:apology for the Secession.
An edition of his collected works (including the French life of Bismarck) was published in 1894 in five volumes. After his death in 1899 appeared a See also:volume of reminiscences, which, though it does not extend beyond 1866, gives an interesting picture of his See also:share in the revolution of 1848, and of his life in Paris. (J. W.
End of Article: BAMBERGER, LUDWIG (1823-1899)
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