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BARBEL (Barbus vulgaris)

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 386 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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BARBEL (Barbus vulgaris)

BARBEL (Barbus vulgaris) , a See also:

fish of the Cyprinid See also:

FAMILY

family, which is an inhabitant of the See also:

rivers of central See also:

EUROPE

Europe, and is very locally distributed in See also:

England. It has four barbels (See also:

LAT

Lat. barba, See also:

beard; fleshy appendages See also:

HANGING

hanging from the mouth), and the first 'See also:

ray of the See also:

SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short dorsal fin is strong, spine-like and serrated behind. It attains a See also:

WEIGHT

weight of 5o lb on the See also:

CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent of Europe. The genus of which it is the type is a very large one, comprising about 300 See also:

SPECIES

species from Europe, See also:

ASIA

Asia and See also:

Africa, among which is the See also:

MAHSEER, or MAHASEER (Barbus mosal)

mahseer or mahaseer, the See also:

GREAT

great sporting fish of See also:

India. BARB$-MARBOIS, See also:

FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

FRANCOIS, See also:

MARQUIS

MARQUIS DE (1745-1837), See also:

French politician, was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

METZ

Metz. He began his public career as See also:

INTENDANT (from Lat. intendens, pres. part. of intendere, to apply the mind to, to watch over; cf. " superintendent ")

intendant of See also:

SAN

San Domingo under the old regime. At the See also:

close of 1789 he returned to See also:

France, and then placed his services at the disposal of the revolutionary See also:

government. In 1791 he was sent to See also:

REGENSBURG (RATISBON)

Regensburg to help de See also:

NOAILLES

Noailles, the French See also:

AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador, in the negotiations with the See also:

DIET

diet of the See also:

EMPIRE

Empire concerning the *I possessions of See also:

German princes in See also:

ALSACE (Ger. Elsass)

Alsace and See also:

LORRAINE

Lorraine. Suspected of See also:

TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason, he was arrested on his return but set at See also:

LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty again. In 1795 he was elected to the See also:

COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council of the Ancients, where the See also:

general moderation of his attitude, especially in his opposition to the exclusion of nobles and the relations of emigres from public See also:

LIFE

life, brought him under suspicion of being a royalist,'though he pronounced a eulogy on See also:

BONAPARTE

Bonaparte for his success in See also:

Italy. At the coup d'etat of the x8th Fructidor (See also:

SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 4) 1797, he was arrested and transported to French See also:

GUIANA (Guyana, Guayana')

Guiana. Transferred to See also:

OLERON

Oleron in 1799, he owed his liberty to See also:

NAPOLEON

Napoleon, after the 18th See also:

BRUMAIRE

In 1801 he became councillor of See also:

state and director of the public See also:

TREASURY

treasury, and in 1802 a senator. In 1803 he negotiated the treaty by which See also:

LOUISIANA

Louisiana was ceded to the See also:

UNITED

United States, and was rewarded by the First See also:

Consul with a See also:

GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift of 152,000 francs. In 1805 he was made See also:

GRAND

grand officer of the See also:

LEGION (Lat. legio)

legion of See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour and a See also:

COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count, and in 18o8 he became See also:

PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the cour See also:

DES

des comptes. In return for these favours, he addressed Napoleon with servile compliments; yet in 1814 he helped to draw up the See also:

ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of See also:

ABDICATION (Lat. abdicatio, disowning, renouncing, from ab, from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one)

abdication of the See also:

EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor, and declared to the cour des comptes, with reference to the invasion of France by the See also:

ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies, " united for the most beautiful of causes, it is See also:

long since we have been so See also:

FREE

free as we now are in the presence of the foreigner in arms." In See also:

JUNE

June 1814, See also:

Louis XVIII. napped him peer of France and confirmed him in his See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office as president of the cour des comptes. Deprived of his positions by Napoleon during the See also:

HUNDRED

Hundred Days he was appointed See also:

MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of See also:

JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice in the See also:

MINISTRY

ministry of the duc de See also:

Richelieu (See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1815). In this office he tried unsuccessfully to gain the confidence of the ultra-royalists, and withdrew at the end of nine months (May 1o, 1816). In 183o, when Louis Philippe assumed the reins of government, Barbe-Marbois went, as president of the cour des comptes, to compliment him and was confirmed in his position. It was the See also:

SIXTH

sixth government he had served and all with servility. He held his office until See also:

APRIL

April 1834, and died on the 12th of See also:

FEBRUARY

February 1837. He published various See also:

WORKS

works, of which may be mentioned : Reflexions sur la colonie de See also:

SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint-Domingue (1794), De la Guyane, &'c. (1822), an Histoire de la Louisiane et la cession de See also:

CETTE

cette colonie See also:

PAR (Lat. par, equal)

par la France aux Etats-Unis, &c. (1828), and the See also:

story of his transportation after the 18th Fructidor in See also:

Journal d'un deporte non See also:

JUGE, BOFFILLE DE (d. 1502)

juge, 2 vols.

(1834).

End of Article: BARBEL (Barbus vulgaris)

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